Overview
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Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
transformers is raising the importance of reducing losses. The iron losses
of the core and the copper losses of the coil cause a raise in temperature
and reduction in the efficiency of a transformer because the energy is
released as heat. Evaluating the ratio and distribution of the iron and
copper losses through simulation becomes advantageous when designing a
transformer.
This note presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron
and copper losses of a three-phase transformer. |
Iron loss density distribution
| The iron loss density distribution of the core is indicated in Fig. 1,
the Joule loss density distribution of the core in Fig. 2, and the hysteresis
loss density distribution of the core in Fig. 3. The iron losses are higher
on the inside corners of the transformer as indicated in Fig. 1. This is
because the magnetic flux flows through the shortest route of the core.
The hysteresis losses contribute to a large portion of the iron losses
as indicated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. |
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Current Density Distribution / Copper Loss Density Distribution
| The current density distribution of the coil is indicated in Fig. 4 and
the Joule loss density distribution of the coil in Fig. 5. The current
density distribution is mostly uniform, as indicated in Fig. 4. The Joule
losses are higher in the secondary coil than the primary coil, as indicated
in Fig. 5. This is because the current is larger in the secondary coil. |
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Ratio of Loss
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The ratio of the iron losses is indicated in Table 1. The ratio of the
iron losses is large compared to the rest of the losses. Therefore, investigating
ways to reduce the iron losses would be effective in reducing the total
amount of loss. Furthermore, investigating ways to reduce the hysteresis
losses would be effective in reducing the total amount of iron loss. |
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