Basic characteristic analysis
 |
156 - Segregation Analysis of Torque Components for an IPM Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
IPM motors are increasingly used in applications such as air conditioners and automobiles because they can utilize both reluctance torque and magnet torque. Generally, equation (1) is used to segregate the magnet torque and reluctance torque of an IPM motor.
The torque can be segregated by obtaining the inductance from equation (1). However, the effect of the magnets/current on the magnetic circuit cannot be visualized. This note presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to segregate the torque and obtain the magnetic circuit produced by each type of excitation force.
|
 |
95 - Analysis of Characteristics of a Universal Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Universal motors rotate by either AD or DC. Since universal motors have
a simple structure which is robust, compact, and capable of high speeds,
they are used in home appliances and industrial electric tools. Also, in
universal motors, the rotation speed is determined by the load when field
coil and armature coil are connected in series. This note presents the
use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the characteristics of the universal
motor, including torque versus current (T-I), torque versus speed (T-N),
and magnetic flux density distribution.
|
 |
82 - Analysis of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Synchronous reluctance motors with no magnet in the rotor are a robust,
inexpensive, and variable-speed drive motor. The cylindrical iron core
rotor has multiple air gaps, at which the magnetic flux flows in the vertical-axis
direction and hardly flows in the horizontal-axis direction. So, the synchronous
reluctance motor is rotated only by reluctance torque due to the saliency
of the iron core. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis
to evaluate the average torque with sine wave current drive at each current
phase.
|
 |
81 - AL-value Analysis of a Choke Coil
|
Module:ST,TS |
2011-02-28 |
The AL-value is one of the vital parameters when designing choke coils.
Analyzing the air gap versus the AL-value using simulations is advantageous
because the AL-value is often set by the design specifications and it varies
with the width of the air gap.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain characteristics
of the air gap versus the AL-value for a choke coil.
|
 |
80 - Magnetization Analysis of an SPM Motor with a Skewed Magnet
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-31 |
Motors are not only required to be more compact and have higher efficiency,
but also to have less noise and vibration. One of the reasons of noise
and vibration is cogging torque, which is caused by the interaction between
the iron core and the permanent magnet. Cogging torque can be reduced by
applying skew. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to
evaluate the magnetic flux density distribution and cogging torque of an
SPM motor with a skewed magnet.
|
 |
74 - Speed Vs. Torque Analysis of a Single-phase Induction Motor
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
Induction motors are widely used because they have a simple construction
that offers a motor that are compact, lightweight, affordable, and robust.The
induced current flowing in the cage largely effect the performance of the
motor because the motor rotates with the interaction between the magnetic
field of the stator windings and the induced current that flows through
the cage. Evaluating the relationship between the induced current and performance
of the motor using a magnetic field analysis is advantageous.This example
presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the current density
distribution and the speed versus torque characteristics of a single-phase
induction motor.
|
 |
71 - Analysis of a Slot Motor: 2 Brushes, 6 Poles, and 19 Slots
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
A brush motor rotates when the brush and commutator alternate the direction
of the current passing through the armature coils.The torque needs to be
evaluated based on the rotation speed of a motor because the torque varies
with the rotation speed if the supply voltage is constant.Evaluating the
relationship between the torque and current during the design stage is
also advantageous because the torque is proportional to the current.This
example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the speed
versus torque curve and torque versus current curve for a slot motor that
has 2 brushes, 6 poles, and 19 slots.
|
 |
68 - Analysis of a Three Phase Induction Motor for the Speed-Torque Curve
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
In the induction motor, current is induced in the rotor cage by the rotating
magnetic field of stator coils, causing the rotor to turn. Induction motors
are widely used from industrial machines to home appliances since they
are small, light, affordable, and maintenance-free. Analyzing the current
induced in the rotor bars is important since the induced current essentially
determines the performance of the induction motor. This note presents the
use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the current density distribution
and the speed-torque curve of a three-phase induction motor.
|
 |
65 - Analysis of Static Thrust of a Voice Coil Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Coreless linear actuators are used for the head drive of electronic packaging
machines and precision stages, both of which require high accuracy positioning.
Static thrust has a great effect on accurate positioning, since it varies
with the translation position of an actuator. Also, static thrust varies
with the amount of current, so it is important to obtain the static thrust
at each supply current from the analysis. This note presents the use of
magnetic field analysis to obtain static thrust characteristics of a voice
coil motor at different translation positions and different supply currents.
|
 |
64 - Thrust Force Analysis of a Coreless Linear Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Coreless linear motors are used for linear motor stages and electronic
packaging machines. Generally, the thrust force of a coreless linear motor
is smaller than that of an iron core linear motor. Since a coreless linear
motor has no cogging, its thrust force variation is much less than an iron
core linear motor. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis
to obtain the thrust force of a coreless linear motor.
|
 |
43 - Torque Analysis of a Coreless Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
A coreless motor provides advantages, such as a reduction in torque ripple
and inertia, because the rotor does not have an iron core. A coreless motor
can also reach higher speeds because there is no iron loss.While a coreless
motor has both superior response and control, the manufacturing costs increase
to improve miniaturization and performance as they require materials such
as costly magnets.Therefore, examination through the magnetic field analysis
becomes more advantageous as various innovations to lower the costs of
manufacturing small, high-performance motors are necessary. This example
presents the use of the magnetic field analysis to obtain the torque waveform
amplitude of a coreless motor.
|
 |
32 - Analysis of a Transformer
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
A transformer is an electrical device that converts the voltage level of
alternating-current power using electromagnetic induction.
Although the secondary voltage is required to be constant regardless of
the load, it varies with amount of the load and the power factor. To ensure
the access to constant voltage, the size of the voltage variation is one
of the important output characteristics of the transformer.
Maintaining the balanced state is also the critical issue, since the imbalanced
voltage and current of each phase may cause the trouble to the device as
well as the temperature rise.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the changes
in the secondary voltage caused by the load variation of a low frequency
transformer.
|
 |
28 - Magnetic Field Analysis of a Speed Sensor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Magnetic sensors have been used as automotive sensors.It is important that
the accuracy, sensitivity and the responsiveness of the sensors must be
ensured while the car is operating.The sensor performance improves if magnetic
core is placed close to the wheel. However, it is also important to have
adequate distance between them to avoid some dirt or foreign objects from
being stuck.This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate
the voltage signal that varies with distance.
|
 |
16 - Analysis of a Hybrid Stepper Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
One type of hybrid stepper motor has a cylindrical magnet, magnetized in the axial direction, that is sandwiched in the rotor, which has serrated teeth to create salient poles.
Analyzing a hybrid stepper motor requires a large model due to its complex shape and 3D flux distribution.
|
 |
8 - Analysis of an Axial Gap Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
In this axial gap motor, the excitation coils rotate relative to the permanent
magnets. Since the magnetic circuit of the motor has the 3D flux paths,
the analysis should use a 3D model to evaluate the motor performance. This
note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the speed-torque
curve and the torque-current curve of an axial gap motor through the load
analysis.
|
 |
7 - Analysis of a Spindle Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Spindle motors with permanent magnets can be small-sized and produce high
torque. To improve the general performance of the spindle motor, the effects
of the 3D geometry and magnetic saturation should be included in the analysis.
This note shows the Speed-Torque curve and Torque-Current curve of a spindle
motor obtained from an analysis.
|
 |
3 - Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Brush Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
A brush motor rotates when the brushes and commutator alternate the direction
of the current passing through the armature conductors.Torque is proportional
to the product of the current and the torque constant. Therefore, to generate
a larger torque with the same current, the torque constant needs to be
increased.However, increasing the torque constant will reduce the rotation
speed, so it is important to understand the torque characteristics of the
motor.This note presents a case study of a 2-pole 3-slot small brush motor
with regard to its Speed-Torque curve and Torque-Current curve.
|
 |
1 - Analysis of a Three Phase Induction Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
Induction motors are widely used in many industries. The performance of
an induction motor is significantly affected by the current induced in
the cages due to its rotation mechanisms. This case study shows the current
distribution in the secondary conductor and the N-T (number of rotation
versus torque) characteristic obtained using JMAG.
|
N-T characteristic analysis / T-I characteristic analysis
 |
119 - Torque Characteristic Analysis of a Three Phase Wound Rotor Induction
Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
A choke coil is an electronic component use to prevent currents that exceed
the predetermined frequency. Measures to evaluate the heat source as well
as the core iron losses that occur within the choke coil and the copper
losses of the coil that decrease efficiency need to be used for this analysis.
The iron loss of the core can be obtained from the copper loss and iron
loss of the coil obtained with a mangetic field analysis in JMAG-Designer.
The example presents the use of a copper and iron loss analysis to obtain
the copper and iron losses of a choke coil.
|
|
95 - Analysis of Characteristics of a Universal Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Universal motors rotate by either AD or DC. Since universal motors have
a simple structure which is robust, compact, and capable of high speeds,
they are used in home appliances and industrial electric tools. Also, in
universal motors, the rotation speed is determined by the load when field
coil and armature coil are connected in series. This note presents the
use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the characteristics of the universal
motor, including torque versus current (T-I), torque versus speed (T-N),
and magnetic flux density distribution.
|
|
68 - Analysis of a Three Phase Induction Motor for the Speed-Torque Curve
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
In the induction motor, current is induced in the rotor cage by the rotating
magnetic field of stator coils, causing the rotor to turn. Induction motors
are widely used from industrial machines to home appliances since they
are small, light, affordable, and maintenance-free. Analyzing the current
induced in the rotor bars is important since the induced current essentially
determines the performance of the induction motor. This note presents the
use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the current density distribution
and the speed-torque curve of a three-phase induction motor.
|
 |
63 - Analysis of Torque Characteristics of a Cage Induction Motor
|
Module:FQ |
2011-02-28 |
Induction motors have been widely used in general industries since they
have simple structure, and are affordable, robust and highly efficient.
When an induction motor rotates at synchronous speed, no torque is produced.
However, when it has a proper slip, the maximum torque can be obtained.
In a cage induction motor, when current flows in the cage, the loss is
caused. So, the duration of rotation needs to be controlled depending on
the amount of heat generation. This note presents the use of magnetic field
analysis to obtain the torque characteristics of a cage induction motor.
|
 |
56 - Torque Characteristics Analysis of a Self Starting Type Permanent
Magnet Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
A self starting induction motor that has a rotor and cage operates as an
induction motor when starting and as a synchronous motor when the motor
reaches synchronous speed with the poles of the permanent magnets. Self
starting type permanent magnet motors, often used in industrially or in
household appliances, do not require a starting device while providing
high-efficiency. Analyzing the current induced in the rotor bars is important
because the induced current essentially determines the performance when
the motor operates as an induction motor. For this reason, it is important
to evaluate the current that is induced in the self starting type permanent
magnet motor. This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis
to obtain the current density distribution and the slip versus torque curve
of a self starting type permanent magnet motor.
|
|
8 - Analysis of an Axial Gap Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
In this axial gap motor, the excitation coils rotate relative to the permanent
magnets. Since the magnetic circuit of the motor has the 3D flux paths,
the analysis should use a 3D model to evaluate the motor performance. This
note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the speed-torque
curve and the torque-current curve of an axial gap motor through the load
analysis.
|
|
7 - Analysis of a Spindle Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Spindle motors with permanent magnets can be small-sized and produce high
torque. To improve the general performance of the spindle motor, the effects
of the 3D geometry and magnetic saturation should be included in the analysis.
This note shows the Speed-Torque curve and Torque-Current curve of a spindle
motor obtained from an analysis.
|
|
3 - Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Brush Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
A brush motor rotates when the brushes and commutator alternate the direction
of the current passing through the armature conductors.Torque is proportional
to the product of the current and the torque constant. Therefore, to generate
a larger torque with the same current, the torque constant needs to be
increased.However, increasing the torque constant will reduce the rotation
speed, so it is important to understand the torque characteristics of the
motor.This note presents a case study of a 2-pole 3-slot small brush motor
with regard to its Speed-Torque curve and Torque-Current curve.
|
|
1 - Analysis of a Three Phase Induction Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
Induction motors are widely used in many industries. The performance of
an induction motor is significantly affected by the current induced in
the cages due to its rotation mechanisms. This case study shows the current
distribution in the secondary conductor and the N-T (number of rotation
versus torque) characteristic obtained using JMAG.
|
 |
125 - Thrust Force Analysis of a Shaft Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Shaft motors have been widely used in motion control systems and machine
tools due to their capability for high-speed performance, high acceleration
and deceleration as well as accurate positioning. The magnet is arranged
in the center of the coil and the magnetic flux that is produced can be
efficiently converted into thrust force. This example presents the use
of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the thrust force of a shaft motor.
|
 |
104 - Thrust Force Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
A linear induction motor can be constructed at low cost, because the motor
can use a primary side made of coil, and secondary side made of a conductor
that is not magnetized, such as aluminum or copper. It is important to
analyze the thrust force as well as the end effect that causes lower performance
at low slip when evaluating the performance of linear induction motors.This
example analyzes the thrust force of a linear induction motor.
|
|
65 - Analysis of Static Thrust of a Voice Coil Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Coreless linear actuators are used for the head drive of electronic packaging
machines and precision stages, both of which require high accuracy positioning.
Static thrust has a great effect on accurate positioning, since it varies
with the translation position of an actuator. Also, static thrust varies
with the amount of current, so it is important to obtain the static thrust
at each supply current from the analysis. This note presents the use of
magnetic field analysis to obtain static thrust characteristics of a voice
coil motor at different translation positions and different supply currents.
|
|
64 - Thrust Force Analysis of a Coreless Linear Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Coreless linear motors are used for linear motor stages and electronic
packaging machines. Generally, the thrust force of a coreless linear motor
is smaller than that of an iron core linear motor. Since a coreless linear
motor has no cogging, its thrust force variation is much less than an iron
core linear motor. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis
to obtain the thrust force of a coreless linear motor.
|
 |
159 - Influence Analysis of Dimensional Tolerance using Morphing |
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
The angle of the magnets in SPM motors use a fillet or chamfer. However,
the fillet and chamfer of each product that is manufactured varies because
to completely fabricate the same fillet or chamfer is difficult in the
manufacturing process. Therefore, the dimensional tolerance is set so the
motor performance is not affected by these variations.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to compare whether
the cogging torque of the SPM motor is influenced by changing geometry
in the tolerance range assuming the dimensional tolerance of the chamfer
is ±0.4 mm.
|
 |
124 - Cogging Torque Analysis of an SPM Motor Accounting for an Varied
Stator Diameter
|
Module:DS,DP |
2011-02-28 |
When a motor is constructed, the diameter of the stator becomes uneven
because of fabrication errors and shrink fitting. It is advantageous to
investigate the uneven diameter of the stator because it largely effects
the cogging torque.
This example presents the use of a structural and magnetic
field analysis to obtain the cogging torque with stator teeth that have
an uniform and varying diameter based on the displacement obtained with
a stress analysis.
|
|
80 - Magnetization Analysis of an SPM Motor with a Skewed Magnet
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Motors are not only required to be more compact and have higher efficiency,
but also to have less noise and vibration. One of the reasons of noise
and vibration is cogging torque, which is caused by the interaction between
the iron core and the permanent magnet. Cogging torque can be reduced by
applying skew. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to
evaluate the magnetic flux density distribution and cogging torque of an
SPM motor with a skewed magnet.
|
 |
54 - Cogging Analysis of a Moving Coil Linear Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Linear motors are used for machine tools, carrier devices and so forth,
so it is very important for them to move smoothly and response quickly.
To do so, cogging needs to be reduced, since cogging causes the variation
in thrust force and speed. One method to reduce cogging is to skew the
magnet. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to obtain
the magnetic flux density distribution and cogging of a moving coil linear
motor with a skewed magnet.
|
 |
40 - Cogging Torque Analysis of an SPM Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Cogging torque is produced by the interaction between the permanent magnet
and the stator core when the rotor rotates with no current flow. The cogging
torque prevents the smooth rotation of the rotor, which may lead to vibration
and noise. So the evaluation of the accurate cogging torque can be an important
issue. The period of the cogging torque is determined by the number of
poles and slots, so they are significant factors for evaluating cogging
torque.This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis for evaluating
the cogging torque of an 8-pole, 9-slot SPM motor, which has relatively
small period of the cogging torque.
|
 |
24 - Cogging Torque Analysis of an SPM Motor with a Skewed Stator
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
For motors, there is a need of reducing vibration and noise. Cogging torque
is one cause of vibration and noise, so reducing cogging torque is an important
issue. And one way of reducing the cogging torque is to skew either the
rotor or the stator. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis
to evaluate the cogging torque of an SPM motor with the skewed stator.
|
 |
15 - Cogging Torque Analysis of an SPM Motor with a Step Skewed Magnet
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
For motors, reducing vibration and noise is a critical issue. Cogging torque
is a major cause of vibration and noise. The cogging torque in an SPM motor
is strongly affected by the magnet. One solution to reduce the cogging
torque is to use a step-skewed magnet. This note presents the use of magnetic
field analysis to evaluate the cogging torque of an SPM motor with a step-skewed
magnet.
|
 |
2 - Analysis of the Cogging of a Permanent Magnet Linear Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Linear motors have been used in carrying devices and tooling machines.
While the key issue is to increase the thrust force, reducing variations
in thrust force and magnetic attraction are also required. In this case
study, the cogging which causes variations in thrust force is calculated,
and then the thrust force is evaluated.
|
 |
26 - Braking Torque Analysis of an Electromagnetic Brake
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
An electromagnetic brake is a device used as an auxiliary brake for heavy
vehicles such as trucks and buses, which decelerates a propeller shaft
by directly applying the braking force. When the magnetic field generated
by the stator coils interacts with the rotor, eddy currents flow in the
rotor, producing a braking torque. This note presents the use of magnetic
field analysis to evaluate the braking torque of the brake at different
rotation speeds.
|
Pull-In/Pull-Out torques analysis
 |
11 - Analysis of PM Stepper Motor's Pull-In / Pull-Out Torques using Control
Simulator and JMAG-RT System
|
Module:TR,RT |
2011-02-28 |
Stepper motors are commonly used for positioning in printers or digital
cameras.Pull-in and pull-out torques are important characteristics for
evaluating a stepper motor, and hence, need to be investigated before designing
the motor. In JMAG, it is possible to calculate these characteristics using
3D transient response analysis, however, it may take too much time.So,
JMAG-RT system is used to create RT motor model, which is used as a reference
for a circuit / control simulator to obtain pull-in and pull-out torques.
This note presents how to obtain pull-in and pull-out torques at each pulse
rate in the case of a stepper motor with bifilar winding / unipolar drive
and in the case with monofilament winding / bipolar drive.
|
Detent torque and stiffness torque analysis
 |
94 - Analysis of Detent Torque of a PM Stepper Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Stepper motors are commonly used for positioning in printers and digital
cameras. In evaluating a stepper motor, detent torque is an important characteristic
since it is the cause of vibration and noise. Detent torque needs to be
investigated before designing a stepper motor. This note presents the use
of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the detent torque of a stepper motor.
|
 |
89 - Stiffness Torque Analysis of a PM Stepper Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Stepper motors are commonly used for positioning in printers and digital
cameras. Stiffness torque is an important characteristic in evaluating
a stepper motor since the stiffness torque is important for positioning.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the stiffness
torque of a stepper motor at 0.5 A.
|
|
16 - Analysis of a Hybrid Stepper Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
One type of hybrid stepper motor has a cylindrical magnet, magnetized in the axial direction, that is sandwiched in the rotor, which has serrated teeth to create salient poles.
Analyzing a hybrid stepper motor requires a large model due to its complex shape and 3D flux distribution.
|
 |
150 - Electrodynamic Repulsion Force Analysis of a Switching Gear |
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
The large capacity switching gear indicated in the figure produces electrodynamic repulsion force by the current flowing in the contacts during excitation. Therefore, the contact stress needs to be larger than the electrodynamic repulsion force produced by the maximum excitation current.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the electrodynamic repulsion force of a switching gear from the Lorentz force when a short-circuit current of 100 kA is applied.
|
 |
149 - Analysis of Magnetic Blowout Force Acting on the Arc of a Switching Gear |
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Metal vapor is produced from the contacts of a switching gear during cutoff and a plasma arc forms. The structure of the contact rings is innovated to produce a magnetic field that expands the arc and prevents vacuum deposition caused by the arc. The arc expands by the Lorentz force that is produced.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the current density and Lorentz force of the switching gear and the force expanding the arc.
|
 |
140 - Analysis of Electromagnetic Repulsion Produced in Small Contact Bridges
|
Module:ST |
2011-01-17 |
Electromagnetic repulsion is generated in small contact bridges, such as
contact terminals of switches or resistance heating in electrical equipment.It
is advantageous to investigate the size of the electromagnetic repulsion
when designing a device, or to understand the phenomena that is actually
occurring.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to
obtain the electromagnetic repulsion when a switch is closed creating a
contact bridge.
|
 |
84 - Analysis of Electromagnetic Forming
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Electromagnetic forming is a method of forming where a powerful magnetic
field is created with a large current produced instantly in a coil to cause
deformation in the tube when the eddy currents and magnet fields interact.The
behavior of the deformation in electromagnetic forming is known for being
extremely difficult to analyze because the forming is done in a very short
amount of time, and the dynamic deformation is complicated.In JMAG, the
dynamic deformation can be estimated by evaluating the Lorentz force density
that occurs in the tube.This example analyzes the Lorentz force density
produced in a tube when a current flows in the coil.
|
 |
113 - Transmission Characteristic Analysis of an Inductive Power Supply
System with Opposing Cores
|
Module:FQ |
2011-02-28 |
An inductive power supply system is a device which transmits power by electromagnetic
induction without physical contact. The system can be used for various
applications, such as moving devices, rotating devices, and devices placed
in closed spaces.Because the primary side and the secondary side of a transformer
are separated by a gap, and the flux leakage and efficiency vary with the
position of the two sides, obtaining the position of each characteristic
is advantageous.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis
to obtain the transmission characteristics of an inductive power supply
system when the position of the primary and secondary sides changes.
|
 |
103 - Efficiency Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
A permanent magnet synchronous motor rotates by converting electric energy
to mechanical energy.The important thing when converting energy is efficiency
indicated by the power factor for the amount of current effectively used,
as well as the percentage of output versus input.Evaluating the power factor
and input/output characteristics that account for efficiency is necessary
to design a highly efficient motor.This example presents the use of a magnetic
field analysis to evaluate the efficiency of a permanent magnet synchronous
motor.
|
 |
86 - Transmission Characteristic Analysis of an Inductive Power Supply
System
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-31 |
Inductive power supply system is a device which transmits power by electromagnetic
induction without physical contact. The system can be used for various
applications, such as moving devices, rotating devices, and devices placed
in closed space. Since the primary side and the secondary side do not contact,
magnetic flux leakage and efficiency vary with the position of the two.
Therefore, it is important to evaluate how their positions affect each
characteristic by simulation. This note presents the use of magnetic field
analysis to obtain the power transmission efficiency by moving the position
of power cable in horizontal direction and in vertical direction.
|
 |
58 - Efficiency Analysis of an IPM Motor UP!
|
Module:DP,LS |
2011-03-31 |
IPM motors use not only magnetic torque produced by a permanent magnet
and the rotating magnetic field but also reluctance torque produced by
the inductance difference between the d-axis and the q-axis. So, they are
highly efficient motor with high torque. The current phase angle β,
at which torque and efficiency are maximized, varies with rotation speed
and torque. So, the current phase angle β needs to be taken into account
for designing high efficient motor. This note presents the use of magnetic
field analysis to obtain the efficiency of an IPM motor at each current
phase with the rotation speed of 1800 rpm and the current amplitude of
4.0 Ampere when the motor is driven by sinusoidal current.
|
Starting performance analysis
 |
112 - Starting Thrust Force Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor
|
Module:FQ |
2011-02-28 |
A linear induction motor can be constructed at low cost, because the motor
can use a primary side made of coil, and secondary side made of a conductor
that is not magnetized, such as aluminum or copper. A linear induction
motor has disadvantages such as multiple eddy currents flowing in the secondary
conductor sheet and a vast amount of leakage flux between the mover and
stator. For this reason, designing the linear induction motor by accurately
evaluating the thrust force provides improved efficiency.This example presents
the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the starting thrust force
of a linear induction motor.
|
 |
38 - Starting Performance Analysis of a Single Phase Induction Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
Single-phase AC is the most commonly used power supply, and an induction
motor is robust and its cost is low. So the induction motor that is powered
with single-phase AC can be readily usable motor. Unlike three-phase AC,
however, single-phase AC alone cannot generate the rotating magnetic field
and the direction of the rotation cannot be specified either. So it cannot
start the induction motor. For this reason, an auxiliary winding needs
to be placed to help the motor start. This note presents the use of magnetic
field analysis to evaluate the starting performance of the induction motor
with use of the auxiliary winding.
|
 |
111 - Starting Performance Analysis of a Universal Motor
|
Module:DP |
2009-04-14 |
A universal motor is a motor that rotates on both direct and alternating
currents. A universal motor is used in home appliances and industrial machines
because these motors are robust and compact with a simple construction.
However, problems such as vibration and a reduction in starting torque
caused by the cogging torque occur as the size of the motor becomes smaller.
Evaluating the starting performance of a universal motor at the design
stage is necessary to resolve these problems.This example presents the
use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the speed versus time graph,
the current waveform, and the torque versus time graph for a universal
motor.
|
 |
39 - Torque Analysis of a Three Phase Induction Motor Accounting for the
Skew
|
Module:DP,TR |
2011-02-28 |
An induction motor can utilize skew easily because the cage is constructed
by metallic casting such as die casting. The harmonic components of the
induction currents that do not contribute to the torque and the torque
variations caused by the effects of the slots can be reduced by applying
skew to the induction motor to form a sinusoidal wave of the magnetic flux
variations that link to the cage. This example presents the use of a magnetic
field analysis to obtain the torque waveform of a three-phase induction
motor with and without a cage that has skew.
|
 |
6 - Analysis of the SR Motor Torque Ripple
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
SR motors are popular for their robustness and affordability. However,
their large torque ripple due to the salient stator and rotor causes noise
and vibration, and thus needs to be reduced. This case study shows how
the torque ripple varies with switch timing.
|
Attractive force analysis
 |
72 - Analysis of Attractive Force between Steel Sheets and a Magnet
|
Module:ST |
2011-01-17 |
When magnetic materials, such as steel sheets, are moved towards a magnet,
they are attracted mutually. The attractive force between the magnet and
the magnetic material and between the electromagnet and the magnetic material
has been efficiently used for motors and solenoids. This note presents
the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the attractive force between
steel sheets and a magnet.
|
 |
62 - Attractive Force Analysis of a Solenoid Valve
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
A solenoid valve is a device that opens and closes the valve by moving
a plunger using electromagnetic force. Upon considering the effect of the
fluid stress caused by opening and closing the valve, it is important that
the attractive force is proportional to the drive current, and that a constant
attractive force is obtained regardless of the position of the iron core.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the attractive
force of a solenoid valve at different positions of an iron core.
|
 |
158 - Superimposed Direct Current Characteristic Analysis of a Reactor Accounting for the Minor Hysteresis Loop
|
Module:ST,FQ |
2011-01-17 |
A high-frequency reactor, used in equipment such as DC-DC converters, has a high-frequency current accompanying the switching direct current. The performance of a reactor is evaluated by a stable inductance in a wide direct current region superimposed with alternating current components. The initial magnetization curve is typically used for the magnetization properties of electromagnetic steel sheet in the magnetic field analysis, but the operating points are on the miner loops of the hysteresis curve when a high-frequency alternating current component is superimposed on the direct current component. (Fig. 1) Differences in the superimposed direct current characteristics become apparent when the minor loops differ significantly from the initial magnetization curve. In this case, the inductance needs to be obtained by taking into account the minor loop.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the superimposed direct current characteristics of a high-frequency reactor accounting for the minor hysteresis loop by using the frozen permeability condition.
|
 |
143 - Inductance Analysis of an Air Core Coil
|
Module:ST |
2011-01-17 |
Air core coils that have a smaller inductance than a coil with a core are
used in high-frequency filters and oscillators.The inductance needs to
be investigated thoroughly because any change to the dimensions can affect
the inductance.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis
to compare the analyzed inductance of an air core coil with the inductance
that is theorized.
|
 |
122 - Inductance Analysis of an IPM Motor -d/q-axis Inductance Obtained
by Actual Measurement-
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
Evaluating the inductance along the d/q-axis is important to analyze the
teeth of a rotor in an IPM motor. The d/q-axis inductance accounting for
the current phase can be obtained using the PM motor inductance tool, but
this inductance cannot be obtained from actual experimentation. However,
the d/q axis inductance at the current phase 0 degrees which can be obtained
from actual experimentation can be calculated by converting the inductance
of one-phase of coil into three phases for each axis.This example presents
the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the d/q-axis inductance
by converting the inductance of the phase coils to three phases and two
axes.
|
 |
105 - Leakage Inductance of a Transformer UP!
|
Module:FQ,TS |
2011-03-31 |
Estimating the size of the inductance for a transformer is vital during the design process. It is advantageous to measure the leakage inductance using a simulation as it is difficult to calculate by hand.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the self-inductance and leakage inductance of a transformer when the arrangement of the secondary coil is modified.
|
 |
101 - AL-Value Current Characteristic Analysis of a Choke Coil
|
Module:ST,TS |
2011-01-17 |
The AL-value indicating the inductance for the number of turns of a coil
is one of the vital parameters when designing a transformer or choke coil.
Analyzing the current characteristics for the AL-value using a simulation
is advantageous because the AL-value is often set by the design specifications
and the AL-value varies with the input current.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the
AL-value current characteristics of a choke coil.
|
 |
99 - Superimposed Direct Current Characteristic Analysis of a High Current
Reactor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
High current reactors with a high-frequency have a superimposed current
composed of a high-frequency ripple and direct current.The performance
of a reactor is evaluated by a stable inductance in a wide direct current
region.The gap that is designed to prevent magnetic saturation from the
core largely affects the inductance. The gap is a vital parameter of the
reactor's design.This example analyzes the superimposed direct current
characteristics of a high current reactor with a high frequency.
|
|
81 - AL-value Analysis of a Choke Coil
|
Module:ST,TS |
2011-02-28 |
The AL-value is one of the vital parameters when designing choke coils.
Analyzing the air gap versus the AL-value using simulations is advantageous
because the AL-value is often set by the design specifications and it varies
with the width of the air gap.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain characteristics
of the air gap versus the AL-value for a choke coil.
|
 |
77 - Inductance Analysis of an RFID Tag
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
An RFID tag sends information from a reading device to an IC chip using
electromagnetic induction.The resonance phenomenon of the coil antenna
and capacitor inside an RFID tag is used to accurately transmit information
on specific frequencies.The inductance of the RFID tag needs to be accurately
obtained to produce the correct resonance on the specified frequency by
identifying the capacity of the external capacitor. This example presents
the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the magnetic field distribution
and inductance of an RFID tag with a specific frequency of 13.56 MHz.The
example analyzes the iron loss of a reactor.
|
 |
70 - Analysis of Impedance-Frequency Characteristics of a Cable
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
Twisted pair cables are insusceptible to external noise and emit less noise,
so they are used for such as speaker cables and power wires which require
strict noise reduction. When current frequency in the cable increases,
the current flows non-uniformly in the copper wire due to skin effect and
proximity effect, resulting in the increase of resistance and the reduction
of inductance. Losses are proportional to resistance, and the change in
inductance distorts the signal. Therefore, it is important to investigate
both resistance and inductance at different frequencies before designing
the cable. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to obtain
resistance and inductance in a cable at different frequencies.
|
 |
60 - Superimposed Direct Current Characteristic Analysis of a Reactor
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
A high-frequency reactor, used in equipment such as DC-DC converters, has
a high-frequency current accompanying the switching direct current.The
performance of a reactor is evaluated by a stable inductance in a wide
direct current region.The gap that is designed to prevent magnetic saturation
from the core largely affects the inductance. The gap is a vital parameter
of the reactor.
|
 |
52 - Inductance Analysis of a Sheet Coil Transformer
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
The geometry of transformers used for power supply circuits, etc., gets
larger as the current flowing through the transformer gets larger. A sheet
coil transformer is a transformer that is made flat by winding the coil
with thin sheets of metal. One vital element required in the design of
transformers is the inductance. The product development stage can be streamlined
by obtaining the inductance in advance through a simulation. This note
presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the inductance
of a coil sheet transformer.
|
 |
17 - Inductance Analysis of an IPM Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
IPM motors can use not only the magnetic torque but the reluctance torque.
It is important to accurately calculate the reluctance torque for evaluating
the motor characteristics such as the optimal advance phase angle. This
case study shows the IPM motor inductance obtained using the JMAG PM Motor
Inductance tool.
|
 |
14 - Inductance Analysis of a Busbar
|
Module:FQ,Pi |
2010-08-31 |
Voltage surges can damage the components in electrical equipment such as
an inverter. It is important to reduce busbar inductance to protect the
electrical equipment since it can be a cause of surges. This case study
shows the current distribution and frequency versus the inductance characteristic
of the busbar.
|
Magnetic Shielding Analysis
 |
83 - Magnetic Shielding Analysis of an Induction Furnace
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-31 |
An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the current is generated
within the metal by induction heating and the heat generated by the electric
resistance melts the metal. The magnetic iron cores around the coil are
used to protect the coil from being damaged. The magnetic iron cores also
prevent the flux leakage so that the steel sheet outside the iron cores
will not be heated. This note presents the used of magnetic field analysis
to evaluate the flux leakage from the magnetic flux density distribution
of an induction furnace with and without the iron cores.
|
 |
53 - Magnetic Shielding Analysis of a Shield Room
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
A shield room is designed to protect equipment, such as precision equipment,
from external magnetic field by the use of magnetic shielding. In JMAG,
external magnetic field can be specified by the external field condition,
so magnetic flux density distributions both inside and outside the shield
room can be obtained. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis
to evaluate the effect of magnetic shielding of a shielded room.
|
 |
157 - Analysis of Eddy Currents in an IPM Motor Using the Gap Flux Boundary
|
Module:DP,FQ |
2011-01-17 |
The eddy current loss of magnets cannot be ignored with the increasing use of highly conductive magnets as well as the need for faster and smaller motors. One way to decrease the eddy current loss is to use divided magnets. Ways to reduce the eddy current loss by dividing magnets can be examined using analyses.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the variations of eddy current loss in magnets by the number of divisions using the gap flux boundary condition. The analysis results can be obtained more efficiently reducing the time required for the standard transient response analysis by using the gap flux condition.
|
|
156 - Segregation Analysis of Torque Components for an IPM Motor
|
Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
IPM motors are increasingly used in applications such as air conditioners and automobiles because they can utilize both reluctance torque and magnet torque. Generally, equation (1) is used to segregate the magnet torque and reluctance torque of an IPM motor.
The torque can be segregated by obtaining the inductance from equation (1). However, the effect of the magnets/current on the magnetic circuit cannot be visualized. This note presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to segregate the torque and obtain the magnetic circuit produced by each type of excitation force.
|
 |
139 - Magnetic Resonance Analysis
|
Module:FQ |
2011-01-17 |
Recently, the magnetic resonance type of transmission is gaining attention
as wireless transmission technology. Magnetic resonance allows transmission
very efficiently from a distance of several meters and the axes of the
transmission end and receiving end of the coil does not need to be aligned
which differs from the conventional electromagnetic induction type transmission
that is widely used today.Investigating the coils via analysis is advantageous
because an optimal design for the coil geometry and circuit for the frequency
to use is necessary to transmit from the transmission coil to the receiving
coil using resonance.This example presents the use of a magnetic field
analysis to obtain the current and magnetic flux density that is produced
in the coil by magnetic resonance.
|
 |
102 - Magnetic Field Analysis of a Magnetic Sensor
|
Module:ST |
2011-01-17 |
Magnetic sensors are used as highly durable and reliable open/close switches
to meet the current demands for a variety of electrical equipment and home
appliances.An open/close switch combines a detection component and magnet
to detect a position using the magnetic flux variations when the information
is accessed by the detection component.Selecting the appropriate detection
component and magnet as well as evaluating the be arrangement is necessary
during the design stage to obtain highly sensitive and accurate location
detection.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to
evaluate the magnetic flux density distribtion in both the horizontal and
perpendicular directions of a magnet.
|
 |
134 - Speed Control Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Linear Motor Using the
Control Simulator and the JMAG-RT System
|
Module:DP,RT |
2011-02-28 |
Linear motors are widely used for carrier devices and machine tools because
of their high-speed performance, high acceleration and deceleration, and
accurate positioning.An analysis that accounts for the characteristics
of both the control circuit and linear motor are necessary to measure the
response time of the linear motor during operation.This example presents
the use of the JMAG-RT system to obtain the inductance and electromagnetic
force versus the current and position, and then a speed control analysis
of the permanent magnet linear motor is performed using an RT motor model
and circuit/control analysis.The RT motor model is a mathematical model
output by the JMAG-RT system.
|
Iron loss analysis / Loss analysis
|
157 - Analysis of Eddy Currents in an IPM Motor Using the Gap Flux Boundary
|
Module:DP,FQ |
2011-01-17 |
The eddy current loss of magnets cannot be ignored with the increasing use of highly conductive magnets as well as the need for faster and smaller motors. One way to decrease the eddy current loss is to use divided magnets. Ways to reduce the eddy current loss by dividing magnets can be examined using analyses.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the variations of eddy current loss in magnets by the number of divisions using the gap flux boundary condition. The analysis results can be obtained more efficiently reducing the time required for the standard transient response analysis by using the gap flux condition.
|
 |
148 - Loss Analysis of a Power Transformer (Flyback Converter)
|
Module:DP,TS,TR,LS |
2011-02-28 |
Measures to evaluate the iron loss of the core and copper loss of windings
occurring in transformers used for flyback converters need to be investigated
because they can act as heat sources.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the
iron and copper loss of a power transformer.
|
 |
146 - Stray Loss Analysis of a Transformer
|
Module:FQ,HT,LS |
2011-02-28 |
In recent years, the demands to increase the capacity of high-voltage transformers
while miniaturizing and reducing the cost are getting stricter. Countermeasures
for overheating in areas of the tank caused by leakage flux are important,
especially for transformers with a large voltage capacity.
This note presents the use of loss and thermal analyses to obtain the losses
of the transformer and tank, and then obtain the temperature distribution
of each part based on the losses.
|
 |
142 - Press Fit Analysis of a Divided Core
|
Module:DS,DP,LS |
2011-02-28 |
Motors used in electric power steering are constructed by using a divided
stator core to miniaturize the motor and generate higher output. The press-fitting
stress needs to be accounted for in the iron loss analysis because the
stress caused by press-fitting is known to increase the iron losses when
magnetic steel sheets are used for a divided stator core that has a frame
with press fitting.This note presents the use of a structural analysis
and magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss density of a IPM motor
that has no-load with and without the stress by simulating the stress caused
by the press fit core and frame with the press fit condition.
|
 |
132 - Loss Analysis of a Three-phase Transformer
|
Module:FQ,LS |
2011-01-17 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
transformers is raising the importance of reducing losses. The iron losses
of the core and the copper losses of the coil cause a raise in temperature
and reduction in the efficiency of a transformer because the energy is
released as heat. Evaluating the ratio and distribution of the iron and
copper losses through simulation becomes advantageous when designing a
transformer.This note presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to
obtain the iron and copper losses of a three-phase transformer.
|
 |
117 - Iron Loss Analysis of a Transformer
|
Module:FQ,LS |
2011-01-31 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
transformers is raising the importance of reducing the amount of loss.
Iron loss, which is one of the major losses for transformers, consumes
electric power as heat inside magnetic materials, causing the efficiency
of the transformer to decrease, and the temperature to rise.Evaluating
the percentage and distribution of the iron losses through simulation becomes
advantageous when designing a transformer. This example presents the use
of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss of a transformer.
|
 |
110 - Loss Analysis of a Choke Coil UP!
|
Module:FQ,TS,LS |
2011-03-31 |
A choke coil is an electronic component use to prevent currents that exceed
the predetermined frequency. Measures to evaluate the heat source as well
as the core iron losses that occur within the choke coil and the copper
losses of the coil that decrease efficiency need to be used for this analysis.
The iron loss of the core can be obtained from the copper loss and iron
loss of the coil obtained with a mangetic field analysis in JMAG-Designer.
The example presents the use of a copper and iron loss analysis to obtain
the copper and iron losses of a choke coil.
|
 |
106 - Iron Loss Analysis of a Brush Motor
|
Module:DP,LS |
2011-01-17 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
motors is raising the importance of reducing losses. Iron loss, which is
one of the major losses for motors, is produced when energy is released
as heat, causing the efficiency to decrease and the temperature of the
motor to rise. It is advantageous to measure the iron losses via simulation
during the design stage of a motor. This example presents the use of a
magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron losses of the stator core and
rotor core of a brush motor.
|
 |
91 - Iron Loss Analysis of an IPM Motor Including the Effects of the Press
Fitting Stress UP!
|
Module:DP,LS,DS |
2011-03-31 |
The laminated structure of a core can be sustained using press-fitting
or shrink fitting. The press-fitting stress needs to be accounted for in
the iron loss analysis because the stress caused by press-fitting is known
to increase the iron losses when a magnetic steel sheet is used for the
core of the motor.This example presents the use of a structural analysis
and magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss density of an IPM motor
with and without the stress by simulating the stress caused by the press
fit core and frame with the press fit condition.
|
 |
90 - Iron Loss Analysis of an IPM Motor Considering PWM Carrier Harmonics
|
Module:DP,LS |
2011-01-17 |
For a motor's control circuit, a vector control, such as a PWM control,
is generally used. To obtain more detailed motor characteristics, magnetic
field analysis is necessary in which the carrier harmonics caused by PWM
can be taken into account. In JMAG, there are three ways to input a current
waveform with carrier harmonics caused by PWM; connecting directly to a
circuit/control simulator, using a current waveform obtained from the combination
of JMAG-RT motor model and circuit/control simulator, or using an actual
measurement. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to obtain
the iron loss of an IPM motor using a current waveform calculated by a
JMAG-RT motor model and a circuit/control simulator.
|
 |
87 - Iron Loss Analysis of an IPM Motor Including the Effect of Shrink
Fitting
|
Module:DP,LS,DS |
2011-01-17 |
Shrink fitting is a fastening method that uses heat to fasten two metal
parts together. The internal stress produced by the clearance causes the
magnetic properties to weaken and the iron losses to increase.Therefore,
evaluating iron losses that include the stress produced by the clearance
is important during the design stage.This example presents the use of a
magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss density of an IPM motor
with and without the stress.
|
 |
78 - Loss Analysis of a Sheet Coil Transformer
|
Module:FQ,LS |
2011-01-17 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
transformers is raising the importance of reducing the amount of loss.
Iron loss, which is one of the major losses for transformers, consumes
electric power as heat inside magnetic materials, causing the efficiency
of the transformer to decrease, and the temperature to rise. Evaluating
the ratio and distribution of the iron losses through simulation becomes
advantageous when designing a transformer.This note presents the use of
a magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron losses of a transformer.
|
 |
75 - Iron Loss Analysis of a Reactor
|
Module:FQ,LS |
2011-01-17 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
reactors is raising the importance of reducing the losses from reactors.Iron
loss, which is one of the major losses for reactors, is produced when energy
is released as heat, causing the efficiency to decrease, and the temperature
of the reactor to rise.Evaluating the percentage and distribution of iron
loss through simulation becomes advantageous when designing a reactor.The
example analyzes the iron loss of a reactor.
|
 |
69 - Iron Loss Analysis of an IPM Motor
|
Module:DP,LS |
2011-01-17 |
As demands for energy saving and high efficiency motors have increased,
reducing losses in the motor becomes more important. Iron loss, one of
the main losses of motors, is the cause of decrease in efficiency and increase
in motor's temperature since it generates heat in the magnetic material.
Therefore, while designing the motor, evaluating iron loss by a simulation
is useful.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the iron
loss of a stator core and rotor core at the rotation speed of 1800 rpm
and the current amplitude of 4.0 A with a sinusoidal current.
|
 |
59 - Iron Loss Analysis of an IPM Motor Accounting for a PWM -Direct Link-
|
Module:DP,LS |
2011-01-31 |
In the control circuit of a motor, a vector control such as a PWM controller
is generally used. Therefore, to obtain more detailed characteristics of
the motor, it is necessary to take into account the effect of carrier harmonic
in the PWM for the magnetic field analysis.There are three methods to input
a current waveform that accounts for the carrier harmonic in the PWM in
JMAG. A direct link can be established with the circuit/control simulator,
the current waveform obtained using the JMAG-RT motor model and circuit/control
simulator can be input, or the actual measurements of the current can be
input.This example analyzes the iron losses of an IPM motor accounting
for the carrier harmonic by directly linking to a circuit/control simulator.
|
 |
31 - Iron Loss Analysis of an SPM Motor Including the Effect of Press-fitting
Stress UP!
|
Module:DS,DP,LS |
2011-03-31 |
The laminated structure of the core can be maintained by press fitting or shrink fitting. When a magnetic steel sheet is used for the core of a motor, the stress caused by press fitting is known to affect the increase of iron loss. So, the press-fitting stress needs to be taken into account in iron loss analysis.
This example presents the use of a structural analysis and magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss density of an SPM motor with and without press-fitting stress.
|
 |
29 - Iron Loss Analysis of an SPM Motor with Overhanging Magnet
|
Module:LS,TR |
2011-01-17 |
When a motor has magnet overhang, the flux is generated both in the in-plane
direction and the lamination direction, which then increases the iron loss.
To evaluate the loss increases caused by the overhang, those caused by
the flux in the in-plane direction and those by the flux in the lamination
direction need to be separated. This note presents the use of a no-load
iron loss analysis of an SPM motor with and without overhanging magnet.
|
 |
21 - Iron Loss Analysis of an SPM Motor Including the Effect of Shrink
Fitting
|
Module:DS,DP,LS |
2011-01-17 |
Shrink fitting is a procedure in which heat is used to make a very strong
joint between two pieces of metal such as frame and stator. In this case,
the stator is inserted into the frame by extending the radius of the frame
using heat. The stress caused by shrink fitting is known to affect the
iron loss and magnetic circuit. So, it is important to include the effect
of thermal stress in iron loss analysis and magnetic field analysis. This
note presents the use of structural analysis and magnetic field analysis
to obtain iron loss density of an SPM Motor by taking into account the
stress caused by shrink fitting.
|
 |
67 - Analysis of AC Loss in a Superconductor
|
Module:TR |
2010-08-31 |
When superconductors are in the superconducting state, in which temperature,
magnetic field and current become lower than a critical value, its electrical
resistance becomes zero. Although superconducting wire rod requires a cooling
system to maintain a low-temperature state, having features such as high
current density and extremely low loss, it has a lot of advantages in terms
of energy and environment. The electrical resistance in the superconductor
becomes zero, when DC is applied, but when AC is applied, loss is caused
in a superconductor. In JMAG, the AC loss in a superconductor can be obtained.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the AC
loss in a superconductive filament.
|
|
58 - Efficiency Analysis of an IPM Motor
UP!
|
Module:DP,LS |
2011-03-31 |
IPM motors use not only magnetic torque produced by a permanent magnet
and the rotating magnetic field but also reluctance torque produced by
the inductance difference between the d-axis and the q-axis. So, they are
highly efficient motor with high torque. The current phase angle β,
at which torque and efficiency are maximized, varies with rotation speed
and torque. So, the current phase angle β needs to be taken into account
for designing high efficient motor. This note presents the use of magnetic
field analysis to obtain the efficiency of an IPM motor at each current
phase with the rotation speed of 1800 rpm and the current amplitude of
4.0 Ampere when the motor is driven by sinusoidal current.
|
Current Distribution Analysis
|
140 - Analysis of Electromagnetic Repulsion Produced in Small Contact Bridges
|
Module:ST |
2011-01-17 |
Electromagnetic repulsion is generated in small contact bridges, such as
contact terminals of switches or resistance heating in electrical equipment.It
is advantageous to investigate the size of the electromagnetic repulsion
when designing a device, or to understand the phenomena that is actually
occurring.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to
obtain the electromagnetic repulsion when a switch is closed creating a
contact bridge.
|
 |
61 - Current Distribution Analysis of a Choke Coil
|
Module:DP,TS |
2011-02-28 |
A choke coil is an electronic component use to prevent high-frequency currents
that exceed the predetermined frequency.
The cooper losses of the coil produced within the choke coil not only decrease
the efficiency, but also generate heat.
In addition to the skin effect and proximity effect, an imbalanced current
caused by flux leakage around the gap increases the copper losses.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the
current distribution and copper losses of a choke coil.
|
|
Analysis of Eddy Currents in an IPM Motor Using the Gap Flux Boundary
|
Module:DP,FQ |
2011-01-17 |
The eddy current loss of magnets cannot be ignored with the increasing use of highly conductive magnets as well as the need for faster and smaller motors. One way to decrease the eddy current loss is to use divided magnets. Ways to reduce the eddy current loss by dividing magnets can be examined using analyses.
This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the variations of eddy current loss in magnets by the number of divisions using the gap flux boundary condition. The analysis results can be obtained more efficiently reducing the time required for the standard transient response analysis by using the gap flux condition.
|
|
84 - Analysis of Electromagnetic Forming
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Electromagnetic forming is a method of forming where a powerful magnetic
field is created with a large current produced instantly in a coil to cause
deformation in the tube when the eddy currents and magnet fields interact.The
behavior of the deformation in electromagnetic forming is known for being
extremely difficult to analyze because the forming is done in a very short
amount of time, and the dynamic deformation is complicated.In JMAG, the
dynamic deformation can be estimated by evaluating the Lorentz force density
that occurs in the tube.This example analyzes the Lorentz force density
produced in a tube when a current flows in the coil.
|
 |
22 - Analysis of the Eddy Current in the Magnet of an IPM Motor
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Along with the increasing use of highly conductive magnets as well as the
increasing needs for small-sized motors that have high-speed performance,
eddy current loss in a magnet is now an important issue. One way to decrease
the eddy current loss is to divide a permanent magnet. This note presents
the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the change in the eddy current
loss in the divided magnet by changing the number of magnet divisions.
|
 |
129 - Characteristic Analysis of a PM Stepping Motor Accounting for Magnetization
|
Module:ST,TR |
2011-01-17 |
Stepper motors are commonly used for positioning in printers and digital
cameras.The magnetization of the magnets used for the PM stepping motor
largely affect the motor's characteristics.Therefore, it is advantageous
to accurately measure the characteristics of the PM stepping motor by clearly
defining the magnetization with an analysis.This example presents the use
of magnet field analyses to obtain the induced voltage of a PM stepping
motor that combines magnetization distribution, surface flux density, and
magnetization of magnets magnetized with a magnetization device.
|
 |
126 - Magnetization Analysis Accounting for Eddy Currents
|
Module:ST,TR |
2011-02-28 |
The orientation of magnets largely affects the characteristics of devices
that use permanent magnets. The most desirable magnetization may not be
obtained due to eddy currents in the magnetization yoke. Therefore, it
is advantageous to investigate these affects in advance. The characteristics
of the device can be analyzed by using the magnetization of the magnet
based on the magnetization field that is calculated in JMAG.This note presents
the use of a magnetic field analysis to compare the differences in the
magnetization distribution of magnets and the surface magnetic flux density
of a magnetization yoke that is entirely composed of laminated steel sheet
and a magnetization sheet that that does not use laminated steel sheet
at each end.
|
 |
79 - Analysis of an Effect of Magnetic Field Orientation on Magnetization
|
Module:ST,CB |
2011-01-17 |
In any device having a permanent magnet, the magnetization state of the
magnet has large effect on the device characteristics. In the analysis
of a permanent magnet or a device having a permanent magnet, the process
of orientation and magnetization needs to be taken into account for accurately
simulating the magnetization state of the magnet. In JMAG, the magnetic
field orientation and magnetization field can be calculated and the result
is used for the analysis of the magnet to evaluate the device characteristics.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the surface
magnetic flux density distribution of a magnet, taking into account the
process of orientation and magnetization.
|
 |
55 - Magnetization Analysis of an IPM Motor
|
Module:DP,ST |
2011-01-17 |
A magnetized magnet needs a careful handling at the time of assembling
an IPM motor, so it is useful to magnetize the magnet after placing it
in the motor. Generally, it is desirable the entire magnet is magnetized
completely. So, magnetization conditions, such as the amount of current,
need to be considered before magnetization. In JMAG, Magnetizing Tool is
used to obtain magnetization field which can be later used to produce magnetization
distribution. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to
obtain magnetization fields at different currents, and also to obtain the
induced voltage and cogging torque of an IPM motor when obtained magnetization
fields are used for magnetization of the magnet.
|
 |
30 - Magnetization Analysis of an SPM Motor
|
Module:ST,CB |
2011-02-28 |
A magnetized magnet needs a careful handling at the time of assembling
a motor, so it is useful to magnetize the magnet after placing it in the
motor. When the anisotropic magnet placed in the motor is magnetized, the
effective magnetization field distribution is determined by the magnetization
field and the orientation of the magnet. Magnetizing Tool of JMAG can be
used to obtain the magnetization field distribution, taking into account
the magnetization field of the magnet evaluated in advance. This note presents
the use of magnetic field analysis to obtain the magnetization field used
to magnetize a permanent magnet placed in an SPM motor and also to obtain
the surface magnetic flux density of the magnet.
|
 |
120 - Thermal Demagnetization Analysis of an SPM Motor
|
Module:DP |
2010-08-31 |
Demagnetization may occur in an SPM motor during rotation because of the
rising temperature caused by the eddy currents, or the reverse magnetic
field produced by the coil in the permanent magnet.The need to evaluate
the demagnetization using a magnet field analysis is becoming more important
because demagnetization reduces the performance of an SPM motor.The mechanical
characteristics need to be evaluated accounting for demagnetization caused
by rising temperatures while the motor is driven, because the demagnetization
is irreversible even after the temperature decreases once the operating
point of the magnet exceeds the knee point .This example presents the use
of a magnetic field analysis to evaluate the torque waveform and demagnetization
of an SPM motor while changing the temperature of the permanent magnet.
|
 |
34 - Demagnetization Analysis of an SPM Motor
|
Module:DP |
2010-08-31 |
When a motor is rotating, the permanent magnet in the motor can be demagnetized
due to the temperature rise caused by the eddy current loss and the reverse
magnetic field generated by the coil. As the demagnetization of the permanent
magnet reduces the motor performance, it is important that the demagnetization
can be evaluated with magnetic field analysis. This note presents the use
of a magnetic field analysis of an SPM motor to evaluate how the demagnetization
caused by the reverse magnetic field change with varying current flow.
|
 |
128 - Structural Analysis of a Cantilever
|
Module:DS |
2011-01-17 |
The importance of strength design for devices is growing with the miniaturization
and flattening of electrical equipment and measures to reduce vibrations
are in even greater demand.To understand the characteristics of electrical
equipment, the vibration characteristics and strength of each part that
make up the device need to be accurately evaluated. Therefore, the phenomenon
of each individual part needs to be correctly analyzed first.This example
presents the use of a structural analysis to obtain eigenmodes and displacement
that has a concentrated load for 3 types of mesh models of a simple cantilever.
These results are then compared to the theoretical values.
|
 |
42 - Displacement Analysis of a Piezoelectric Actuator
|
Module:DS |
2008-11-27 |
Piezoelectric elements are used as actuators and sensors, as well as oscillator
circuits and filter circuits in the analog electronic circuits. When the
electric potential is applied, the piezoelectric element is deformed. This
is called the converse piezoelectric effect. In JMAG, the analysis of the
piezoelectric actuator using the converse piezoelectric effect can be performed
by specifying the permittivity matrix and the electric potential for the
material. This note presents the use of structural analysis to evaluate
the displacement of a bimorph piezoelectric actuator, caused by the inverse
piezoelectric effect.
|
Response characteristic analysis
|
134 - Speed Control Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Linear Motor Using the
Control Simulator and the JMAG-RT System
|
Module:DP,RT |
2011-02-28 |
Linear motors are widely used for carrier devices and machine tools because
of their high-speed performance, high acceleration and deceleration, and
accurate positioning.An analysis that accounts for the characteristics
of both the control circuit and linear motor are necessary to measure the
response time of the linear motor during operation.This example presents
the use of the JMAG-RT system to obtain the inductance and electromagnetic
force versus the current and position, and then a speed control analysis
of the permanent magnet linear motor is performed using an RT motor model
and circuit/control analysis.The RT motor model is a mathematical model
output by the JMAG-RT system.
|
 |
98 - Response Analysis of a Solenoid Valve Using a Control Simulator and
the JMAG-RT System
|
Module:DP,RT |
2011-01-17 |
A solenoid valve opens and closes valves using the force of electromagnets.
A valve that controls the amount of fluid flowing has various states of
open and closed. For this reason, this analysis evaluates the response,
such as the speed and position control, of a valve to commands. Therefore,
an analysis that accounts for both the control and solenoid valve is necessary
to measure the response of the valve when it is moved.This example analyzes
the response of a solenoid valve using a control simulator and the JMAG-RT
system.
|
 |
41 - Positioning Control Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Linear Motor Using
the Control Simulator and the JMAG-RT System
|
Module:DP,RT |
2011-02-28 |
Linear motors have been widely used for carrier devices and machine tools
due to their capability of high-speed performance, high acceleration and
deceleration, and accurate positioning. To estimate the response time and
the thrust force variation during the positioning control, it is important
to take into account the characteristics of both a control circuit and
a linear motor in the analysis. This note presents the use of the JMAG-RT
system and the circuit/control simulator to obtain the response time and
the thrust force variation of a permanent magnet linear motor.
|
 |
37 - Vector Control Analysis of an IPM Motor using Control Simulator and
the MAG-RT System
|
Module:DP,RT |
2011-01-17 |
Control design and motor design have been conventionally treated as independent
processes, and there is a need for coordinated design for these systems.
Meanwhile, for designing advanced motors, it is important to obtain more
accurate and detailed motor behavior through simulation. For that purpose,
a linked analysis between magnetic field and the circuit / control is necessary.
By linking JMAG to a circuit / control simulator, both the nonlinear properties
of a motor and the control properties of a motor drive can be taken into
account in the analysis. This note presents the use of the JMAG-RT system
and the circuit / control simulator to perform vector control analysis
of an IPM motor.
|
Positioning control analysis
|
41 - Positioning Control Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Linear Motor Using
the Control Simulator and the JMAG-RT System
|
Module:DP,RT |
2011-02-28 |
Linear motors have been widely used for carrier devices and machine tools
due to their capability of high-speed performance, high acceleration and
deceleration, and accurate positioning. To estimate the response time and
the thrust force variation during the positioning control, it is important
to take into account the characteristics of both a control circuit and
a linear motor in the analysis. This note presents the use of the JMAG-RT
system and the circuit/control simulator to obtain the response time and
the thrust force variation of a permanent magnet linear motor.
|
 |
116 - Operating Time Analysis of an Injector by Evaluating the Reduction
in Eddy Currents
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
A solenoid type injector used in engines opens a valve and injects fuel
by moving a plunger with magnetic force created by an electromagnet.The
response for the applied voltage is evaluated to improve the fuel consumption
by maintaining the flow of fuel dispersed by an injector into an engine.Evaluating
ways to reduce the eddy currents to improve the response characteristics
of an injector is advantageous because the eddy currents produced by the
currents slow the response of the injector.This example presents the use
of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the response characteristics of
a solenoid type injector by evaluating ways to reduce the amount of eddy
currents.
|
 |
109 - Operating Time Analysis of an Electromagnetic Relay Accounting for
Eddy Currents
|
Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
Electromagnetic relays are devices that connect and disconnect contact
points physically using an electromagnet.The magnetic attraction that activates
the relay is generated by the magnetomotive force, which is expressed by
the product of coil turns and current.The operating time can be calculated
from the magnetic attraction at the moveable core using an equation of
motion.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to evaluate
the operating time of an electromagnetic relay driven by direct current
accounting for the eddy currents.
|
 |
66 - Operating Time Analysis of an Injector
|
Module:DP |
2011-01-17 |
Solenoid injectors used for engines are mechanisms that spray fuel through
the valve which opens when the plunger is moved by magnetic force from
an electromagnet. Injectors in engines need to respond quickly to applied
voltage to improve fuel consumption by maintaining the fuel flow. In solenoid
injectors, one factor causing the response delay is eddy currents produced
by the current flow. This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis
to obtain the response characteristics of a solenoid injector.
|
 |
36 - Operating Time Analysis of an Electromagnetic Relay
|
Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Electromagnetic relays are devices that connect and disconnect contact
points physically using an electromagnets.?The magnetic attraction that
activates the relay is generated by the magnetomotive force, which is expressed
by the product of coil turns and the current. The operating time can be
calculated from the magnetic attraction using an equation of motion. This
note presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to evaluate the operating
time of a DC relay.
|
Centrifugal force analysis
 |
108 - Centrifugal Force Subversion Analysis of a Ring Magnet
|
Module:DS |
2011-01-17 |
The development of motors able to reach high rotation speeds is expanding
as the technology is more widely implemented in the industrial field of
permanent magnet synchronous motors.A magnet will shatter when the amount
of stress surpasses the mechanical strength in an SPM motor that uses a
ring magnet. This problem stems from the centrifugal force produced in
a rotor at high rotation speeds. Analyzing the maximum rotation speed of
a motor through simulation to evaluate methods to prevent the magnet from
shattering, such as designing reinforcement rings, becomes highly advantageous
during the design stage.This example analyzes the tensile stress distribution
of a ring magnet when the permanent magnet synchronous motor is rotated
at high speeds.
|
 |
19 - Analysis of the Centrifugal Force in an IPM motor
|
Module:DS |
2011-02-28 |
An IPM motor has a magnet embedded in the rotor, it carries a risk that
the magnet may be displaced or come off the rotor core due to the centrifugal
force. The effects of centrifugal forces on the IPM motor can be analyzed
in JMAG while taking into account the contact between the magnet and the
rotor.
This example presents rotor displacement and stress distribution of an
IPM motor with and without the effects of partial magnet movement.
|
Vibration Analysis / Sound pressure analysis
 |
138 - Vibration Analysis of an SR Motor
|
Module:DS,DP |
2011-02-28 |
SR motors are utilized because they have a simple construction that doesn't
use permanent magnets making them robust yet inexpensive when compared
to other motors.However, the electromagnetic force produced by the saliency
of the stator and rotor cause vibrations and noise.This example presents
the use of a coupled magnetic field and structural analysis to obtain the
electromagnetic force of the SR motor and the resonance of the eigenfrequency
in the stator core.
|
 |
114 - Vibration Analysis of an Outer Rotor Motor
|
Module:DS,DP |
2011-02-28 |
An outer rotor motor has a magnetic rotor that rotates around a stator.
An outer rotor motor can produce a larger amount of torque than an inner
rotor motor with the same diameter because the radius of the outer rotor
is larger.Vibrations produced by electromagnetic force can be produced
as the motor rotates. The fabrication of the motor can be modified, such
as adding and fabricating holes in the rotor core to change the eigenfrequency
reducing the amount of electromagnetic vibrations that can cause noise
or damage the motor.This example presentsthe use of a magnetic field analysis
and structural analysis to obtain the sound pressure caused by electromagnetic
vibrations in an outer rotor motor with holes fabricated in the rotor core.
|
 |
97 - Sound Pressure Analysis of a Transformer
|
Module:FQ,DS |
2011-01-17 |
In recent years, the demand to reduce the vibration and noise while improving
the efficiency of transformers is increasing with the demand for environmental
conservation, such as energy conservation. A sound pressure analysis using
the electromagnetic force obtained with a magnetic field analysis as excitation
force can be used to evaluate the resonance phenomena of transformers caused
by the electromagnetic force and the eigenfrequencies. This note presents
the use of a coupled magnetic field and sound pressure analysis to obtain
the electromagnetic force produced in the core and the sound pressure distribution
caused by the resonance of the eigenfrequency in the transformer.
|
 |
20 - Sound Pressure Analysis of an SPM Motor
|
Module:DP,DS |
2011-01-17 |
The recent reductions in size and weight of electric motors have increased
the importance of reducing both noise and vibration. JMAG can treat vibration
noise that is caused by the electromagnetic force. In this case study,
the sound pressure in an SPM motor caused by the excitation of the natural
modes of vibration of the stator.
|
 |
9 - Sound Pressure Analysis of a Loudspeaker
|
Module:DS,TR |
2011-02-28 |
A loudspeaker produces sound when the current in the voice coil interacts
with the magnetic field of the magnet, causing the vibrator connected to
the coil to move. The general requirement of the loudspeaker is to produce
uniform sound over a wide range of the frequencies. In JMAG, the sound
pressure distribution can be obtained from the electromagnetic force calculated
by magnetic field analysis and the eigenfrequency calculated by structural
analysis. This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and structural analysis to obtain the frequency characteristics of sound
pressure with the constant Lorenz force on the voice coil, regardless of
the frequency.
|
 |
4 - Sound Pressure Analysis of a Reactor |
Module:DS,TR |
2011-01-17 |
Reactors are used in a variety of electric power system. An important concern
for reactors is the noise caused by resonance phenomena of the electromagnetic
force and eigenfrequency. The sound pressure can be evaluated with a structural
analysis using the electromagnetic forces obtained from magnetic field
analysis as the excitation force. This note presents how sound pressure
from a vibrating reactor can be obtained when a structural spacer is removed.
|
|
142 - Press Fit Analysis of a Divided Core
|
Module:DS,DP,LS |
2011-02-28 |
Motors used in electric power steering are constructed by using a divided
stator core to miniaturize the motor and generate higher output. The press-fitting
stress needs to be accounted for in the iron loss analysis because the
stress caused by press-fitting is known to increase the iron losses when
magnetic steel sheets are used for a divided stator core that has a frame
with press fitting.This note presents the use of a structural analysis
and magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss density of a IPM motor
that has no-load with and without the stress by simulating the stress caused
by the press fit core and frame with the press fit condition.
|
|
31 - Iron Loss Analysis of an SPM Motor Including the Effect of Press-fitting
Stress UP!
|
Module:DS,DP,LS |
2011-03-31 |
The laminated structure of the core can be maintained by press fitting or shrink fitting. When a magnetic steel sheet is used for the core of a motor, the stress caused by press fitting is known to affect the increase of iron loss. So, the press-fitting stress needs to be taken into account in iron loss analysis.
This example presents the use of a structural analysis and magnetic field analysis to obtain the iron loss density of an SPM motor with and without press-fitting stress.
|
|
21 - Iron Loss Analysis of an SPM Motor Including the Effect of Shrink
Fitting
|
Module:DS,DP,LS |
2011-01-17 |
Shrink fitting is a procedure in which heat is used to make a very strong
joint between two pieces of metal such as frame and stator. In this case,
the stator is inserted into the frame by extending the radius of the frame
using heat. The stress caused by shrink fitting is known to affect the
iron loss and magnetic circuit. So, it is important to include the effect
of thermal stress in iron loss analysis and magnetic field analysis. This
note presents the use of structural analysis and magnetic field analysis
to obtain iron loss density of an SPM Motor by taking into account the
stress caused by shrink fitting.
|
 |
133 - Thermal Analysis of a Three-phase Transformer
|
Module:HT |
2011-02-28 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
transformers is raising the importance of reducing losses.The iron loss
of the core and the copper loss of the winding cause a raise in temperature
and reduction in the efficiency of a transformer because the energy is
released as heat.Evaluating the heat generated by the iron and copper losses
through simulation becomes advantageous when designing a transformer.This
example presents the use of a thermal analysis to obtain the temperature
distribution of the heat generated by the iron losses and copper losses
of the three-phase transformer.
|
 |
130 - Thermal Conductivity Analysis of Basic Geometry
|
Module:HT |
2011-01-17 |
In recent years, the importance for methods to handle heat is growing as
electrical equipment is miniaturized and designed for high power.The thermal
conductivity and heat transfer coefficient needs to be modeled correctly
to accurately evaluate the heat dissipation characteristics of electrical
equipment. Therefore, if each part can be modeled correctly, the characteristics
of the entire device can be evaluated.This example presents the use of
a thermal analysis to obtain the thermal conductivity of each part using
basic cubes assuming they are a rotor core and stator core of a rotating
machine. The results for each part are evaluated, and then compared to
the theoretical calculation to evaluate their accuracy.
|
 |
127 - Resistance Heating Analysis
|
Module:HT,TR |
2011-01-17 |
The characteristics of metal that are fabricated, such as shafts, worsen
as deformation occurs. Therefore, the fabricated deformation that occurs
during thermal processing is difficult to repair, but needs to be removed
so that a standard composition is achieved. The entire metal body needs
to be heated uniformly by the thermal processing to improve the characteristics.
It is advantageous to measure the temperature distribution when heating
the metal. A thermal analysis can be performed by using the Joule losses
that are obtained with a magnetic field analysis as the heat source in
JMAG. This example presents the use of a thermal and magnetic field analysis
to obtain the temperature distribution, heat generation density distribution,
and current density distribution of metal object heated by resistance heating.
|
 |
123 - Thermal Analysis of a Choke Coil UP!
|
Module:HT,TS |
2011-03-31 |
A choke coil is an electronic component use to prevent currents that exceed
the predetermined frequency. The heat generated by the iron losses of the
core and the copper losses of the coil inside the choke coil need to be
evaluated because of problems that can occur in the choke coil. The loss
distribution obtained with a magnetic field analysis can be used as the
heat source for a thermal analysis in JMAG-Designer. This example presents
the use of a thermal and magnetic field analysis to obtain the temperature
distribution using the iron losses and copper losses in the choke coil
as the heat source.
|
 |
118 - Thermal Analysis of a Busbar
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
Current is carried through busbars, or wire bondings, as a supply line
of electrical power.Parts, such as components used in inverters to handle
variable frequencies, produce an increased amount of heat due to the resistance
cause by a skin effect that increases as the frequency of the current flowing
through the circuit gets higher.A design that accounts for the heat and
temperature distribution of each frequency is vital because the excess
heat causes a reduction in efficiency or damages the device.The temperature
distribution can be evaluated by treating the Joule losses obtained from
the magnetic field analysis as the heat source.This example presents the
use of a coupled magnetic field and thermal analyses to obtain the temperature
distribution in a busbar when the frequency of the power supply is changed.
|
 |
100 - Surface Heating Analysis of an Iron Sheet
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
Induction heating is a method to produce heat using electromagnetic induction.
When a magnetic field generated by the coil produces eddy currents in the
iron sheet, the iron sheet is heated with the Joule heat produced by the
electric resistance between the eddy currents and the iron sheet. Compared
to other methods of heating, surfaces can be rapidly heated, or heating
can be localized.This example introduces an analysis to obtain the temperature
distribution on the surface of an iron plate heated by high-frequency induction
heating.
|
 |
85 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Constant Velocity Joint
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
A constant velocity joint is located on both ends of the drive shaft in
the drive system of a car. The high-frequency induction heating may be
used to harden the inner ball track inside the outer ring of the constant
velocity joint, because the inner ball track is directly in contact with
the steal ball and the roller on the side of the inner ring. It is important
to take account of temperature rise and the timing of it inside of the
heated object for designing of induction heat system such as high-frequency
hardening. In JMAG, the loss distribution obtained from magnetic field
analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal analysis to obtain the
temperature distribution and the temperature variation caused by high-frequency
induction heating. This note presents the use of a coupled magnetic field
analysis and thermal analysis to obtain temperature distribution for the
outer ring of the constant velocity joint.
|
 |
51 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Gear
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
The high-frequency quenching method uses induction heating to harden the
surface of objects.The temperature of the gear at the time of quenching
affects the hardness of the gear. The surface temperature distribution
varies with the coil geometry.In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution
obtained by magnetic field analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal
analysis.This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of the gear
and the current density distribution of the coil.
|
 |
50 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Steel Wire
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
A high-frequency heat treatment is used to process a variety of machine
parts since it has high thermal efficiency and has fewer harmful effects
such as oxidization. When the high-frequency heat treatment is applied
to the steel wire, the maximum temperature of the steel wire and the temperature
variation at the time of quenching significantly affects the strength and
toughness of the steel wire. In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution
obtained by magnetic field analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal
analysis.This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution and the temperature
variation of the steel wire.
|
 |
49 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Steel Sheet
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
One method to heat a steel sheet uniformly is to translate the steel sheet.
In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution obtained by magnetic
field analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal analysis.
This example presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis and thermal
analysis to obtain the eddy current loss density distribution and the temperature
distribution of a steel sheet.
|
 |
48 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Printer Roller
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
One method of printing is to use a roller heated by induction heating.One
method of printing is to use a roller heated by induction heating.The heated
printer roller rotates, melting the toner, and then transfer the melted
toner to the paper. It is important that the roller is heated evenly.This
introduces the use of coupled magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis
to evaluate the eddy current loss density distribution, temperature distribution,
and temperature variation when the roller is rotating.
|
 |
47 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Crankshaft
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
For the machine parts such as crankshaft, improving abrasion resistance
and fatigue resistance is very important. So, high-frequency induction
heating, one of the surface hardening methods, is widely used in terms
of the strength improvement and cost saving.In JMAG, high-frequency induction
heating analysis is possible. The eddy current loss in the heated part
can be obtained using magnetic field analysis, and the obtained loss distribution
is used as the heat source for the thermal analysis.This note shows the
temperature distribution and temperature variation of the crankshaft from
the use of coupled magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis.
|
 |
45 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of an IH Cooking Heater
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
An IH cooking heater uses induction heating to heat the pot for cooking
food. So it is important to heat the bottom of the pot uniformly, and also
to prevent flux leakage into the board box.In JMAG, the eddy current loss
density distribution obtained by magnetic field analysis can be used for
thermal analysis.This note presents the use of the coupled magnetic field
analysis and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of
the iron pot.
|
 |
44 - Resistance Heating Analysis of a Steel Sheet
|
Module:HT,TR |
2011-02-28 |
Resistance heating is one method of heating used to fabricate steel sheets.
Resistance heating uses the heat produced by the Joule losses that occur
from the electric resistance when a current flows through a heated body.
This type of heating is used in hot formed pressing because an object can
be uniformly heated. Generally, more than 600 degrees Celsius is required
for hot formed pressing. The loss distribution obtained with a magnetic
field analysis can be used as the heat source for a thermal analysis in
JMAG-Designer. This example presents the use of a coupled thermal and magnetic
field analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of a resistance heated
steel sheet and the difference in the rising temperatures versus the making
current.
|
 |
18 - Thermal Analysis of an IPM Motor
|
Module:TR,HT,LS |
2011-02-28 |
The enhancement in motors' efficiency and performance has increased the
importance of reducing the heat generation. JMAG offers thermal analysis
using the loss distribution obtained from a magnetic field analysis. This
case study shows the temperature and its variation in an entire motor.
|
 |
13 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Drive Shaft
|
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
A drive shaft is an axel to transfer power from the engine to the tire
for rotation, so it needs to be strong enough against torsion. To protect
the drive shaft from torsion, wear and fatigue, the high-frequency induction
heating is widely used as one of the surface hardening methods in terms
of strength and cost.In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution
obtained from magnetic field analysis can be used as a heat source for
thermal analysis.This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of the drive
shaft.
|
 |
10 - Thermal Analysis of a Radiant Heater
|
Module:HT |
2011-01-17 |
Heaters used in semiconductor manufacturing are required to transfer the
heat to the object uniformly through thermal radiation. This case study
shows how the temperature distribution varies with and without the use
of a shield based on a thermal radiation analysis.
|
Temperature distribution analysis
 |
146 - Stray Loss Analysis of a Transformer
|
Module:FQ,HT,LS |
2011-02-28 |
In recent years, the demands to increase the capacity of high-voltage transformers
while miniaturizing and reducing the cost are getting stricter. Countermeasures
for overheating in areas of the tank caused by leakage flux are important,
especially for transformers with a large voltage capacity.
This note presents the use of loss and thermal analyses to obtain the losses
of the transformer and tank, and then obtain the temperature distribution
of each part based on the losses.
|
|
133 - Thermal Analysis of a Three-phase Transformer
|
Module:HT |
2011-02-28 |
Recently, the growing demand for energy conservation and highly efficient
transformers is raising the importance of reducing losses.The iron loss
of the core and the copper loss of the winding cause a raise in temperature
and reduction in the efficiency of a transformer because the energy is
released as heat.Evaluating the heat generated by the iron and copper losses
through simulation becomes advantageous when designing a transformer.This
example presents the use of a thermal analysis to obtain the temperature
distribution of the heat generated by the iron losses and copper losses
of the three-phase transformer.
|
|
130 - Thermal Conductivity Analysis of Basic Geometry
|
Module:HT |
2011-01-17 |
In recent years, the importance for methods to handle heat is growing as
electrical equipment is miniaturized and designed for high power.The thermal
conductivity and heat transfer coefficient needs to be modeled correctly
to accurately evaluate the heat dissipation characteristics of electrical
equipment. Therefore, if each part can be modeled correctly, the characteristics
of the entire device can be evaluated.This example presents the use of
a thermal analysis to obtain the thermal conductivity of each part using
basic cubes assuming they are a rotor core and stator core of a rotating
machine. The results for each part are evaluated, and then compared to
the theoretical calculation to evaluate their accuracy.
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127 - Resistance Heating Analysis
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Module:HT,TR |
2011-01-17 |
The characteristics of metal that are fabricated, such as shafts, worsen
as deformation occurs. Therefore, the fabricated deformation that occurs
during thermal processing is difficult to repair, but needs to be removed
so that a standard composition is achieved. The entire metal body needs
to be heated uniformly by the thermal processing to improve the characteristics.
It is advantageous to measure the temperature distribution when heating
the metal. A thermal analysis can be performed by using the Joule losses
that are obtained with a magnetic field analysis as the heat source in
JMAG. This example presents the use of a thermal and magnetic field analysis
to obtain the temperature distribution, heat generation density distribution,
and current density distribution of metal object heated by resistance heating.
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123 - Thermal Analysis of a Choke Coil UP!
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Module:HT,TS |
2011-03-31 |
A choke coil is an electronic component use to prevent currents that exceed
the predetermined frequency. The heat generated by the iron losses of the
core and the copper losses of the coil inside the choke coil need to be
evaluated because of problems that can occur in the choke coil. The loss
distribution obtained with a magnetic field analysis can be used as the
heat source for a thermal analysis in JMAG-Designer. This example presents
the use of a thermal and magnetic field analysis to obtain the temperature
distribution using the iron losses and copper losses in the choke coil
as the heat source.
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100 - Surface Heating Analysis of an Iron Sheet |
Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
Induction heating is a method to produce heat using electromagnetic induction.
When a magnetic field generated by the coil produces eddy currents in the
iron sheet, the iron sheet is heated with the Joule heat produced by the
electric resistance between the eddy currents and the iron sheet. Compared
to other methods of heating, surfaces can be rapidly heated, or heating
can be localized.This example introduces an analysis to obtain the temperature
distribution on the surface of an iron plate heated by high-frequency induction
heating.
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85 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Constant Velocity Joint
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
A constant velocity joint is located on both ends of the drive shaft in
the drive system of a car. The high-frequency induction heating may be
used to harden the inner ball track inside the outer ring of the constant
velocity joint, because the inner ball track is directly in contact with
the steal ball and the roller on the side of the inner ring. It is important
to take account of temperature rise and the timing of it inside of the
heated object for designing of induction heat system such as high-frequency
hardening. In JMAG, the loss distribution obtained from magnetic field
analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal analysis to obtain the
temperature distribution and the temperature variation caused by high-frequency
induction heating. This note presents the use of a coupled magnetic field
analysis and thermal analysis to obtain temperature distribution for the
outer ring of the constant velocity joint.
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51 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Gear
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
The high-frequency quenching method uses induction heating to harden the
surface of objects.The temperature of the gear at the time of quenching
affects the hardness of the gear. The surface temperature distribution
varies with the coil geometry.In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution
obtained by magnetic field analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal
analysis.This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of the gear
and the current density distribution of the coil.
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50 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Steel Wire
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
A high-frequency heat treatment is used to process a variety of machine
parts since it has high thermal efficiency and has fewer harmful effects
such as oxidization. When the high-frequency heat treatment is applied
to the steel wire, the maximum temperature of the steel wire and the temperature
variation at the time of quenching significantly affects the strength and
toughness of the steel wire. In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution
obtained by magnetic field analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal
analysis.This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution and the temperature
variation of the steel wire.
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49 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Steel Sheet
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
One method to heat a steel sheet uniformly is to translate the steel sheet.
In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution obtained by magnetic
field analysis can be used as a heat source for thermal analysis.
This example presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis and thermal
analysis to obtain the eddy current loss density distribution and the temperature
distribution of a steel sheet.
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48 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Printer Roller
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-01-17 |
One method of printing is to use a roller heated by induction heating.One
method of printing is to use a roller heated by induction heating.The heated
printer roller rotates, melting the toner, and then transfer the melted
toner to the paper. It is important that the roller is heated evenly.This
introduces the use of coupled magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis
to evaluate the eddy current loss density distribution, temperature distribution,
and temperature variation when the roller is rotating.
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47 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Crankshaft
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
For the machine parts such as crankshaft, improving abrasion resistance
and fatigue resistance is very important. So, high-frequency induction
heating, one of the surface hardening methods, is widely used in terms
of the strength improvement and cost saving.In JMAG, high-frequency induction
heating analysis is possible. The eddy current loss in the heated part
can be obtained using magnetic field analysis, and the obtained loss distribution
is used as the heat source for the thermal analysis.This note shows the
temperature distribution and temperature variation of the crankshaft from
the use of coupled magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis.
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45 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of an IH Cooking Heater
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
An IH cooking heater uses induction heating to heat the pot for cooking
food. So it is important to heat the bottom of the pot uniformly, and also
to prevent flux leakage into the board box.In JMAG, the eddy current loss
density distribution obtained by magnetic field analysis can be used for
thermal analysis.This note presents the use of the coupled magnetic field
analysis and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of
the iron pot.
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44 - Resistance Heating Analysis of a Steel Sheet
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Module:HT,TR |
2011-02-28 |
Resistance heating is one method of heating used to fabricate steel sheets.
Resistance heating uses the heat produced by the Joule losses that occur
from the electric resistance when a current flows through a heated body.
This type of heating is used in hot formed pressing because an object can
be uniformly heated. Generally, more than 600 degrees Celsius is required
for hot formed pressing. The loss distribution obtained with a magnetic
field analysis can be used as the heat source for a thermal analysis in
JMAG-Designer. This example presents the use of a coupled thermal and magnetic
field analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of a resistance heated
steel sheet and the difference in the rising temperatures versus the making
current.
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13 - High-Frequency Induction Heating Analysis of a Drive Shaft
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Module:FQ,HT |
2011-02-28 |
A drive shaft is an axel to transfer power from the engine to the tire
for rotation, so it needs to be strong enough against torsion. To protect
the drive shaft from torsion, wear and fatigue, the high-frequency induction
heating is widely used as one of the surface hardening methods in terms
of strength and cost.In JMAG, the eddy current loss density distribution
obtained from magnetic field analysis can be used as a heat source for
thermal analysis.This note presents the use of coupled magnetic field analysis
and thermal analysis to obtain the temperature distribution of the drive
shaft.
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27 - Head Field Analysis of Recording Write Head with Effects of Eddy Current
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Module:TR |
2011-01-17 |
A magnetic head has a recording head that writes data to a round magneticdisk,
and a playing head that reads data.For the recording write head, the magnetic
flux density distribution around the head and the response of the head
field to input electric signals are the important characteristics for its
performance evaluation. To study these characteristics, the analysis must
include the effects of eddy currents generated on a yoke.This note presents
the use of magnetic field analysis of the recording write head with the
effects of eddy currents on the yoke, to evaluate the response characteristic
of the head field.
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121 - Output Analysis of a Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator
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Module:DP |
2011-02-28 |
A salient-pole synchronous generator is used to produce electricity, such
as water power generators that produce energy from water falling and turning
a water wheel. Reducing the magnetic saturation is one area of focus for
generators because the output that can be produced decreases with magnetic
saturation. For this reason, it is advantageous to investigate the magnetic
circuit with a magnetic field analysis. This example presents the use of
a magnetic field analysis to obtain the magnetic flux density distribution,
no-load saturation curve, and output of a salient-pole synchronous generator.
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25 - Analysis of a Claw Pole Alternator
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Module:TR |
2011-02-28 |
Claw pole alternators are used in automotive applications for providing
the electrical power for a variety of electrical components and for charging
the battery. As the number of electrical components in cars increases,
the alternator is required to deliver more output power even at low speed.
This note presents the use of magnetic field analysis to evaluate the output
power of a claw pole alternator.
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Surface Magnetic Flux Density
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144 - Induced Voltage Analysis by Magnetization Pattern
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Module:DP,ST |
2011-01-17 |
The induced voltage and surface flux density of the magnets can be measured
as a method to confirm the magnetization direction of the magnets to use
when developing a motor.
The surface flux density of the magnets is obtained using magnets with
radial and parallel anisotropic patterns by changing the decay angle from
0 degrees to 20 degrees and magnets with a polar anisotropy pattern by
changing the distance from the center pole from 8 mm to 17 mm. This note
presents the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain and compare the
induced voltage and cogging torque of an SPM motor using these magnets.
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129 - Characteristic Analysis of a PM Stepping Motor Accounting for Magnetization
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Module:ST,TR |
2011-01-17 |
Stepper motors are commonly used for positioning in printers and digital
cameras.The magnetization of the magnets used for the PM stepping motor
largely affect the motor's characteristics.Therefore, it is advantageous
to accurately measure the characteristics of the PM stepping motor by clearly
defining the magnetization with an analysis.This example presents the use
of magnet field analyses to obtain the induced voltage of a PM stepping
motor that combines magnetization distribution, surface flux density, and
magnetization of magnets magnetized with a magnetization device.
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46 - Surface Magnetic Flux Density Analysis Accounting for the Magnetization
Direction
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Module:DP,ST |
2011-01-17 |
Cogging torque is produced as a motor rotates. Problems such as a reduction
in efficiency, vibrations, and noise can be improved by reducing the amount
of cogging torque that occurs. One factor that affects the cogging torque
is the direction the magnets are magnetized. This example presents the
use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the surface magnetic flux density
for the radial pattern, parallel anisotropy pattern, and the polar anisotropy
pattern of magnets. Furthermore, the flux linkage, induced voltage, and
cogging torque are obtained for an SPM motor that uses magnets with these
magnetization patterns.
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115 - Eccentricity Analysis of an SPM Motor
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Module:DP |
2010-08-31 |
Eccentricity may occur in the motor due to a misalignment of the rotation
axis and the center axis of the motor.Evaluating the effects of eccentricity
is often requested because vibration and noise in the motor due to an unbalanced
magnetic flux density distribution and electromagnetic force caused by
eccentricity.This example presents the use of a magnetic field analysis
to obtain the torque waveform and effects on the electromagnetic force
acting on the stator for an SPM.
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93 - Cogging Torque Analysis of a Motor with 8 Poles and 9 Slots Accounting
for Eccentricity
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Module:DP |
2010-08-31 |
Eccentricity can occur on the center axis or the rotation axis of a motor.
It is advantageous to evaluate the effects of eccentricity because it can
cause vibrations and noise and break the symmetry of the magnetic flux
density distribution and the electromagnetic force. This example presents
the use of a magnetic field analysis to obtain the cogging torque and electromagnetic
force with and without eccentricity.
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23 - Eccentricity Analysis of an IPM Motor
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Module:DP |
2010-08-31 |
The eccentricity may be caused in a motor by factors including the misalignment
of the rotation axis and the center axis of the motor. When the motor has
the eccentricity, the flux density distribution and the electromagnetic
force are unbalanced, resulting in vibration and noise. Therefore, it is
important to study the effect of the eccentricity in advance. This note
presents magnetic field analysis to evaluate the electromagnetic force
on the rotor and that of the stator with the different amount of the eccentricity.
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131 - Stray Capacitance Analysis of a Motor
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Module:EL |
2011-02-28 |
AC motors that drive PWM inverters are widely used in household appliances.Motors
used for PWM inverter power supplies are known to produce shaft voltage
which reduces the reliability and life span of the motors.It is advantageous
to investigate the stray capacitance using an analysis in advance because
the shaft voltage is produced by the stray capacitance of the motor.This
example presents the use of an electric field analysis to obtain the stray
capacitance between the IPM motor's coil and stator core, rotor core and
stator core, and inner and outer rings of the bearing.
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73 - Analysis of Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor
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Module:EL |
2011-02-28 |
Two electrode plates are modeled and arranged in parallel, which has the
basic structure of a capacitor. When the different electric potential is
constantly applied to each plate, electric charge stored in the electrode
plates varies with the relative permittivity of the dielectric material
between the electrode plates. This note presents the use of magnetic field
analysis to obtain the electric charges of both the air and the high permittivity
material when they are placed between the electrode plates, and calculate
the capacitance.
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