This presentation will introduce Nissan’s EV strategy with technology trends and market conditions. It will also cover the "Nissan Intelligent Mobility" initiative whose objective is the realization of a safe and sustainable society for people around the world.
As an example of this, we will report on the NOTE e-POWER that was released in November last year, and the future direction that motor development for vehicles will take.
Additionally, we will showcase the history of NISSAN’s motor development for electrified vehicles, the role JMAG has played in it, and our hopes for the future.

Electric Drives have been around more than 120 years and they are now the workhorses in industry consuming almost 40% of all worldwide electrical energy. However, their use as automotive traction drive in high volume production is still new and puts some additional demands to performance figures and package. Due to limited space and difficult environmental conditions there is room for improvements and new ideas. Moreover, industrialization together with the high number of produced parts requires highly automatized manufacturing and therefore influences the electrical and mechanical design.
The market nowadays shows a variety of solutions depending on manufacturer and their specific approach of solving the integration problems into automotive system environment. Finite element simulation is one of the key factors in predicting performance and optimization of the numerous parameter combinations and find suitable design solutions.

In recent years, the capacity of the 4-pole air cooled turbine generator has been increasing, but in order to increase the capacity, it is necessary to accurately estimate the temperature of each part. To improve the accuracy of temperature calculation, highly accurate loss analysis is required, but transient analysis using three-dimensional finite element method is required for high precision, so in the past, calculation volume was too large to solve it in a short time. However, with the development of analytical techniques in recent years, such large scale analysis has become possible by advanced mesh functions and large scale parallel computation technology using high-end personal computer.
Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a case study of the loss distribution of the stator and the rotor core of the large capacity 4-pole air cooled turbine generator by the transient analysis using three-dimensional finite element method.

1. Acceleration of analysis model
In order to verify the effectiveness of JMAG analysis on power converters, we have compared actual measurement values and analysis results of the designed model. Conventionally, vast amounts of analysis time was required, but we succeeded last year in cutting down analysis times through optimum model geometries and parameter settings. By using version 16.1 this year, it has become possible to realize an even greater speed increase through parallelization. Here, we will report a comparison between the accelerated and conventional analysis times.
2. Examination of the effectiveness of the analysis model
The actual measurement values and the above analysis results were compared for each temperature, and the effectiveness of the analysis will be reported.

Magnetic field analysis is obviously important for studying and developing transformers because they are the equipment based on electromagnetic phenomena. With the development of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and computer technology in recent years, magnetic field analysis using a three-dimensional model of transformers has become possible to calculate in practical time. However it is still difficult to analysis large power transformers in practical time due to the large number of unknowns.
This presentation shows an example of magnetic field analysis in 3-D large power transformers. It is expected that study and development of transformers will be efficient owing to the realization of the analysis in practical time.

In order to improve the performance and fuel economy of automobiles, automatic transmissions are required to be strong and light, and strengthening them by heat treatment is indispensable to achieve this.
Induction hardening, which is one of the heat treatment methods, is a method of hardening by heating the necessary hardening area of a workpiece with electromagnetic induction heating using a heating coil, and then quenching it.
In electromagnetic induction heating, coil geometry and processing conditions are important factors that determine a workpiece temperature distribution; however, until recently, it has been studied by trial and error in real machines which was costly and required lead times. A calculation system for optimization has been created using JMAG and HEEDS but, because calculation time becomes a bottleneck, it has not been widely adopted for practical use.
Going forward, we will introduce our efforts to shorten calculation times for optimization operations.

The electromagnetic and thermal analysis using JMAG makes it possible to accurately calculate the temperature distribution during induction heating and it became possible to reduce the cost and time for coil prototyping. However, even with analysis, a trial and error process such as fine adjustment of the coil shape is still necessary, which requires a great deal of manpower for analysts.
We introduce a case where the design of coil shape is automated using HEEDS which is design exploration software.

Carburizing treatment is used for improving the strength characteristics of mechanical steel parts including automobile parts such as pulleys. However, conventional gas carburizing requires long processing time and cannot achieve small lot production. To solve these problems, Koyo Thermo Systems has proposed "SmartFLEC One", an ultrahigh speed carburizing device that adopts induction heating as the heating method.

In order to perform the treatment using induction heating, it is necessary to devise a heating specification, in particular, a heating coil. Therefore, in this presentation we will introduce a case where we worked on the shape optimization of the heating coil which can hold the soak by cooperation of JMAG and Optimus for pulley.

Bearing, one of the pump parts, is possible to generate debris. Debris also is possible to contaminate transferring liquid.
It is nevertheless that some pump is duly required to transfer highest clean liquid especially in the semiconductor industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.
In order to avoid contamination, we’ve developed the super conducting levitation pump to realize the perfect non-contact rotational mechanism without mechanical contact.
Superconducting levitation pump is the applicated pump based on the principle of "superconducting levitation".
Power transmission coupling conduct rotation force to levitated rotor.
Larger magnetic force provides higher torque between magnets but enormous magnetic force inhibits effect of superconducting levitation, on the other hand. Therefore, it’s necessary to develop most suitable balance-high torque with low magnetic force.
In this study, we optimized arrangement of the magnetic coupling for power transmission by magnetic field analysis.

An electromagnetic pump used for liquid chemical injection in the likes of water processing and boiler compound injection is a reciprocating metering pump using a solenoid as its driving force.

As a pulse current flows on and off repeatedly within 10Hz, it is important to understand electrical and magnetic characteristics within a transient state, as well as armature responsiveness when it comes to solenoid design.

Liquid is transferred by the reciprocating action of a diaphragm connected to an armature becoming a pulsating flow with intense pressure fluctuations occurring within the pump chamber, so it is additionally important that thrust anticipates such load fluctuations.

In this presentation, we will directly link the magnetic field analysis of a solenoid in JMAG with a fluid model constructed by Simulink (Simscape), and evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation by comparing the analysis results with measured values.

We will introduce the background of introducing JAMG and the process from introduction to application in our case.

Induction motors are one of candidates of automotive traction motor and generator. In automotive applications, the operating area is wide with respect to industrial standard motors. In addition, efficiency and torque improvements are required.
In this presentation, motor analysis and control configuration are presented. JMAG-RT model has been improved. In previous JMAG-RT model, standard induction motors are assumed, thus, variations in motor parameters are not very much considered. In the improved model, magnetic saturation and frequency dependence are considered. In addition, problems associated with induction motor analysis are presented.

In this presentation, we will introduce the powertrain on electrical scooter and the key concepts of powertrain development. We also explain how JMAG help us to design a motor from magnetic design to control algorithm by one of our motor design case.
Gogoro is one of the most famous E-scooter brand in the world and from the first announce of Smart Scooter at 2015 we have successfully developed at least three models of scooter. In order to adapt to the rapid product development cycle and reduce the risk of design failure, it’s an usual way using CAE software to help us design products. Gogoro got a complete procedure of motor design to evaluate the performance of motor efficiently in early stage.
The traction motor of E-scooter needs high power density and high efficiency to satisfy scooter performance and cooling requirement due to shape and volume limitation. We can design motor and the controller algorithm by using JMAG, including optimizing the shape of rotor, stator and magnet, analyzing the loss of each part of motor in different condition, satisfying the requirement of torque and speed, designing current controller and position estimator.
Finally, we will introduce the motor design procedure of Gogoro by a case of a 250W motor design.

In order to improve motor performance, it is necessary to design not only motor but also motor control. The use of JMAG-RT is effective for realizing this design. However, the generation time of the high accuracy JMAG-RT model is a problem, so it was difficult to generate multiple JMAG-RT models within a limited development period.
In this presentation, the author introduce utilization example of power simulation licenses that reduce license costs to JMAG-RT model generation and reduce calculation time.

It is considered that the distribution of demagnetization in permanent magnets in consumer electronics, industrial equipment and HEV traction motors is not uniform due to the difference of coercivity of local parts in the magnet material and the difference of the working point of local parts in the magnet caused by the variation of magnetic circuit in a motor. Therefore, we developed the measurement method of the three-dimensional demagnetization distribution of the subdivided permanent magnets at the working point that the magnets are installed in a motor, and verificated the simulation result by JMAG-Designer. Finally we extracted the subject of simulation and measurement.

In order to verify in detail an electromagnetic field analysis of a general purpose small motor with outer rotor, sheet state search coils were used to measure motor gap magnetic flux, and an evaluation comparing the analysis results was performed.
Furthermore, dispersion of measured magnetic flux between UVW phases were investigated, magnetic flux was measured during magnet demagnetization using dry ice, and the tracking capability of an analysis for the demagnetization experiment was verified.

The supremacy of radial flux motors is ubiquitous and there are several reasons for that. As most of motors are made from thin laminations, radial motors are the natural choice due to the simplicity and performance. A study has been performed with the help of JMAG and its 3D capabilities to evaluate an Axial Flux Motor (AFM) made of Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC). The motor consists of 12 slots, 14 poles with a rated output power of 6 kW. Husqvarna Construction division has a motor named Prime which is used in several products like Drill Machine, Power Cutter, Wall Saw among others. The efficiency, weight and reliability are crucial for these professional tools. Power dense motors are achieved by usage of external cooling fluid as water and internal cooling as oil for heat transfer/distribution. The analysis and results are fully automated by scripts in Microsoft Excel, SolidWorks and JMAG. The proposed AFM should provide the desired performance with a simple and intuitive assembly process.

For the motor development, it has been necessary to design the electromagnetic circuit with the optimization software in the requirements trade-off.
CAD, CAE and the optimization software which is used for arrangement CAD and CAE are provided from different venders generally. It depends on the environment of users but it happens often.
In that situation, users sometimes need to take lots of time for solving the problem in the middle of the way to complete the workflow of the optimization. Especially, it is important to be able to control the dimensions of CAD model stably and easily.
I hope that venders would improve time reduction which users take time for the optimization through the introduction of the actual trouble cases in this presentation.

Examples of optimizations in analysis software have been much reported in recent years, and a similar amount of time has passed since the optimization function was added to JMAG, with “Optimization Calculations Realized with Intuitive Operations in JMAG-Designer!” The JMAG optimization function expands parametric functions to automatically create new case parameters and search for the optimum value, where it is now possible to also use the genetic algorithm (GA) engine. Here we report on our use of a 3D model in studying the extent to which the JMAG optimization function can be applied by wristwatch motor designers in searching for optimum values.

In this presentation, approaches to topology optimization will be introduced.
Topology optimization is a shape optimization method that does not use design variables for expressing shape.
With topology optimization, since the shape can be changed without being constrained by design variables, the degree of freedom of design is high.
Moreover, since the optimization can be performed without resorting to expertise and preconceived ideas of designers, it is possible to obtain shapes completely different from shapes obtained from conventional ideas.
Here, the ideas behind topology optimization will be outlined, and several examples to applications will be presented.

This presentation presents an iron loss calculation method considering hysteretic property with play model under distorted waveform excitation and its experimental verification of FE-analysis accuracy. Numerical results are compared with measured results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly iron loss calculation method with play model.

In recent years, demands for higher harmonics controls have become even more stringent along with the use of the inverter technology in electronic products. To improve the power factor of power supplies, cases involving active PFC circuits that run on several tens of kHz have been increasing. For some of these cases, reactor losses cannot be correctly estimated due to the effects of ripple current caused by switching, causing reactor design accounting for heat generation amounts to be complex.
JMAG-Designer has the hysteresis loss analysis function that accounts for magnetic flux minor loops inside magnetic materials caused by these types of ripple currents, allowing high accuracy loss analyses without the hassle of difficult settings.
To evaluate the performance of JMAG-Designer’s loss analysis function, we will present comparisons between measured values using a physical prototype and analysis values using a JMAG-Designer model for multiple superimposition waveforms.

Although anisotropic rare-earth bonded magnets are inferior in magnetic properties to NdFeB sintered magnets, but they have higher magnetic properties than ferrite magnets and high flexibility of shape, so it’s expected as a material that lead to downsizing of in-vehicle motors. However, in the case of an anisotropic rare earth bonded magnet, the alignment direction and the its ratio at the time of injection molding affect the subsequent magnetization characteristics. So, it is difficult to expect accurately the surface magnetic flux density in the magnetization analysis from a thermal demagnetization state. Therefore, in this case, as a means of expecting the magnetic flux density of the anisotropic rare earth bonded magnet, we introduce a technique that utilizes alignment characteristics and thick-ness magnetization properties.

In general magnetic properties evaluation, a closed magnetic circuit is created like ring test material, and magnetism is measured reducing the effect of the demagnetizing field. However, to measure ring test materials, the test materials need to be created, and the primary and secondary windings are necessary, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, we created a solenoid coil that minimizes the effect of the demagnetizing field by analysing the uniform magnetic field and strength of the magnetic field with JMAG. The magnetic properties evaluation method using solenoid coils makes it simple to measure by merely inserting and removing measurement test materials, which leads to a reduction in the burden of time and labor.

Among wireless power transfer technologies using magnetic field, a relevant case is wireless power transfer by magnetic resonant coupling (MRC). The principle of coupling is the same as electromagnetic induction but MRC better exploits the phenomenon of resonance, thus achieving higher efficiency and higher power even with a large air gap. The magnetic field analysis for WPT systems must be performed as a series of steps. In this Presentation, the analysis method by using JMAG will be explained in detail.
Moreover, the magnetic analysis model as well as the equivalent circuit model in case of foreign metal objects will be considered.

Nowadays, an impressive effort is done to accurately estimate additional AC losses due to 3D electromagnetical effects such as stray flux. With increasing availability of high performance computing and the acute interest for loss estimation, the analytical approaches may have come to their limits. A comprehensive understanding and modeling of the loss production mechanism is required to accurately predict the copper losses of an electric machine. Therefore, in this paper the end-winding strayfield is analyzed and the additional AC losses in the bar wound winding coils are presented and assessed. For this purpose, enhanced 3-D finite element models, including the complex end-winding geometry, are computed on a parallel distributed high performance computing system.

Analysis of in-plane eddy current loss using 3D finite element method is reported. The electrical loss between analysis and experiment are compared. The influence of the in-plane eddy current loss is clarified.

In this presentation, we introduce new motor technologies. One is machine technology allow motors to operate at varying motor constants.
The other is motor drive systems that have a high performance and new features with a machine combined with inverter circuit.

Recently, variable flux machines (VFM) are received much attention because they are capable of varying airgap field flux according to their various operating conditions. In this presentation, as an example of researches and developments of VFM in NITech, a Hybrid Excitation Motor (HEM) employing both a wound excitation and a permanent magnet as field sources is introduced.

Variable speed compressor runs a wide speed range and it is required to operate quietly in the full envelope. Permanent magnet motor is a key component of variable speed compressor and produces electromagnetic force to excite noise in compressor. It is desired to optimize motor vibration during motor early design stage.

This report introduces a method to simulation motor vibration using JMAG and Virtual.Lab. The material properties is calibrated to make simulation vibration match test vibration. The vibration simulation is integrated into motor design process to optimize vibration and shorten motor development timing eventually.

There have been calls for the automotive industry to reduce CO2 emissions in consideration of the impact on the global environment, and increasing efforts are being made to develop electric vehicles.
Heavy rare earth – iron – boron magnets (neodymium magnets) have the largest maximum energy product (BH)max among current magnets, and are used in the driving motors of hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles. However, these operating environments have high temperatures and strong diamagnetic fields, so magnets need high heat resistance, or high coercive force (Hcj).
To support this need, heavy rare earth elements (Dy, Tb) with high anisotropic magnetic fields are added to increase Hcj.
However, deposits of these elements are unevenly distributed around the world, as shown in Fig. 1, and the ratio of heavy rare earth elements in ores is one tenth or less that of light rare earth elements. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of heavy rare earth elements used, based on the risk and cost of these scarce resources.
The coercive force drops greatly when heavy rare earth elements are not added. This means that it is necessary to develop a rotor shape that can increase the permeance of the corners of magnets, which are susceptible to demagnetization.

This research developed a new motor that uses heavy rare earth free hot-deformed magnets and is capable of replacing the driving motor mounted in a one-motor hybrid system that is optimal for the compact car class.

In order to design a hybrid electric vehicle motor that uses heavy rare earth free magnets while still maintaining performance equal to that of a conventional motor, it is necessary to establish a method of recovering the reduction in coercive force. However, one issue is that it is a challenge to create a design using low coercive force magnets that maintains the motor demagnetization characteristics, but is still the same size able to be mounted in a one-motor hybrid system and has torque, power and efficiency equal to or greater than the conventional motor. Therefore, a magnetic form that uses low coercive force magnets and can be mounted in a one-motor hybrid system was researched and developed.
This research enabled the development of the first hybrid electric vehicle motor known to date, and the developed motor was mounted in a one-motor hybrid system and launched onto the market.

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Some case examples will be introduced, such as 1) oil cooling of motor and transformer, etc. 2) oil lubrication between parts making up EPS and transmission, etc., and 3) water spraying on four-wheeled vehicle. In addition to the above, other applications will be also introduced, such as A) coupling of dynamics analysis of powder such as toner and analysis of the magnetic field, and B) simulation of magnet fabricating process, including die filling, compaction, and sintering, etc.

The current mainstream motors are radial motors using laminated steel sheets.
Recently, the demand for smaller size (thinner) and higher output are increasing in automotive applications. Then, axial gap motors that can compatible with them have attracted attention.
We have fabricated axial gap motor using soft magnetic powder cores which have a high degree of forming freedom. The motor shows both high torque and higher efficiency, compared with conventional radial motor of the same size.
In the presentation, we will report the result in detail. In addition, we will also introduce the influence on the performance of core shape detail considering powder compacting.

With the changes occurring in the automotive market and the evolution of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles, powder metallurgy and soft magnetic composites can provide significant benefits in all areas of the drive-train and some auxiliary functions. This paper details the single-sided axial flux machine that Höganäs AB has identified as an ideal topology to maximise the impact that new technologies have through the functionality of the material and its benefits in high volume production. From prior investigations, this topology is particularly suited to pump and compressor applications. It has been demonstrated that clear advantages can be observed for a compressor application when using a single-sided axial flux machine constructed from soft magnetic composites: improvements in power density and efficiency whilst yielding a more compact design. Finite element software provides a platform to investigate the performance of machine designs which can inform the prototyping phase. Höganäs AB make use of scripting functions to automate the process of simulating electromagnetic and thermal aspects of potential machine design solutions, outputting data for analysis and reporting on design outcomes.
Höganäs AB provides a large number of services to enable customers to obtain an optimal solution. From feasibility and design pre-studies, selection of soft magnetic composite and hard magnetic materials, through to design for compaction and small scale batch prototyping and production runs: our dedicated 800 tonne development press can be utilised for industrial support, assisting in the set-up of tooling, optimising compaction and heat-treatment processes.

Inductive heating analysis requires accurate magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis.
In this seminar, we will introduce useful functions for efficient inductive heating analysis in JMAG,
for those who have begun or are about to begin induction heating analysis.

In line with changes in machine environments in recent years, we would like to field lots of questions about environment settings, such as when starting use, updating machines, and building a new processing environment.
In this seminar, the settings and notes necessary for using JMAG-Designer or JMAG-Remote System, license settings, etc. in various situations will be explained.
For those that have had trouble building environments, or those looking into updating their processing environments, please join us.

Not only is evaluation of electromagnetic phenomena in the design of electrical equipment indispensable, but also evaluation of structural aspects such as strength and vibration characteristics are indispensable.
JMAG is capable of evaluating the vibration phenomena affected by electromagnetic force, and also noise as well.
In this seminar, in structual analysis especially focusing on vibration, without covering basic principles analysis functions using JMAG along with examples will be introduced.
Using post processing functions in particular, ways of seeing phenomena such as eigenmodes and resonance will be looked at.

JMAG-Express is now a web application.
Anytime, anywhere, with a smartphone, tablet, or PC motor evaluations can be carried out.
If you have a smartphone, please try JMAG-Express Online at this seminar.

Electromagnetic field analysis is becoming more large-scale. In order to perform analysis in a practical amount of time, the use of parallel solvers is becoming indispensable.
The JMAG SMP parallel solver was greatly improved in version 16.1 and the MPP parallel solver has been greatly improved in version 17.
In this morning session, in addition to introducing these high-speed performance capabilities, the technology used to achieve this performance and the appropriate hardware needed will be described and explained clearly. We hope that you will be able to attend this session and find it useful for acquiring knowledge in the large sessions to be held in the afternoon.

For the likes of multi-case calculations, optimization calculations and large-scale analyses, analysis work is gradually becoming more and more complicated as the scale of simulations increases.
JMAG-Designer provides a number of functions to improve performance for use cases. By applying these functions according to where and how they are to be used, it is now possible for you to conduct complex analysis work more efficiently.
In this morning session, we will be employing demonstrations to introduce these new JMAG functions for improving work efficiency.

Mesh density is important for efficiently performing analysis in a short amount of time while maintaining high accuracy.
The JMAG automatic mesher has many functions for providing coarseness, and by using these functions it is possible to create a high-quality mesh with a reduced number of elements.
In this seminar, demos and examples of JMAG-Designer Ver. 17.0 new functions and recently added functions to control space meshes from among these functions will be presented.

Have you ever thought "If I use a CAD model, if I don’t use CAD I can’t change the geometry."?
JMAG can edit CAD models without using CAD.
In this seminar, the idea of geometry creation using CAD data and specific examples of efficient geometry creation using features will be introduced.
In addition, how to use JMAG functions for geometric parametric analysis of an imported CAD geometry without using CAD will be introduced.

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In this seminar, aiming at reaching a steady state in a shorter amount of time, the effectiveness of time-period explicit error correction (TP-EEC) and the processing technology behind it will be introduced.

"I’ve heard of the TP-EEC, but I have no idea how it would really help me."
"I tried using it once or twice, but I didn’t use again because it didn’t help me much it seemed."

Have you had this kind of experience?
Let’s learn about the background and processing of reaching steady states faster, and together understand in what kinds of situations this technology would be useful.
How time-period explicit error correction differs from time-period finite element methods (TP-FEM) will also be explained.
This seminar is aimed at those who are interested in the internal processing of a finite element method magnetic field analysis solver.

By mastering optimization functions, an optimum design proposal can easily be obtained.
Concerns have been voiced such as "Although I am interested in optimization, I don’t know where to start" or "I don’t know what the meaning of ‘parameter’ is."
In this seminar, the basics of optimization and operation procedures will be explained, and concerns such as the above will be resolved.
Furthermore, the development direction for JMAG from this point forward will be described.

This is a seminar for those new to electromagnetic field analyses, teaching beginners a fundamental knowledge and general overview.

• An Introduction to Magnetic Field Analysis
• Introducing JMAG-Designer

* Customers participating in this seminar who are considering implementing magnetic field analysis software are invited free of charge.